Pharmacology and Therapeutics II

Code:

MV323

Acronym:

FTII

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Clinical Sciences

Instance: 2021/2022 - 2S (of 21-02-2022 to 17-06-2022)

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Veterinary Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMV	72	Official Study Plan	3	-	4	56	108

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Provide students with knowledge in Systemic Pharmacology, with relevance to drugs used to treat specific pathological entities of each organ or system, and important agents used to control infections and infestations of microbial agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, etc.). In the approach of each drug group makes up a special reference to the mechanism of action (from molecules to the system), the pharmacokinetics, the relationship of the mechanism of action to clinical response, side effects, clinical problems and toxicity, as well as its clinical relevance to veterinary therapy.

Learning outcomes and competences

PRACTICAL LAB CLASSES

- Application of the scientific methodology and follow-up of different experimental protocols.

- Capability of solving practical problems. Organised teamwork.

- Basics of laboratory safety and good laboratory practices.

- Rules of handling, management and care of lab animals.

- Training in basic experimental techniques (e.g. weighing, preparing solutions etc.).

- Specific training in pharmacological experiments (e.g. preparing equipment, isolation of the preparations and registration of biological signals, evaluation of the effects promoted by the drugs applied etc).

- Drugs administration in required doses and concentrations for in vivo and in vitro experiments.

- Understanding basic pharmacology concepts such as performing dose-response curves, drugs action selection, routes of drugs in a living organism etc.

- Observation capability, quantification, experimental variability appraisal, evaluation and interpretation of experimental data.

 

THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL CLASSES:

- Teamwork capability.

- Time management, self-discipline and work capability without direct supervision.

- Autonomous problem solving. Information retrieve and bibliographical research.

- Handling of experimental results and conclusion obtained from different sources.

- Critical assessment of different sources.

- Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph).

- Competence with Microsoft office programs such as Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint and others.

- The methodology for obtaining information and bibliographical research must include the use of databases and Internet (certification of the site’s quality).

- Mastery of communication skills (interpersonal and public speaking competencies).

- Evaluation of auto-didactism and development of interest in lifelong learning.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Students should have approved Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology.

Program

THEORETICAL CLASSES PROGRAM

Cardiovascular pharmacology - Respiratory pharmacology - Gastrointestinal pharmacology - Renal and urinary pharmacology - Antineoplastic and immunopharmacology drugs - Antibacterial drugs - Antifungal agents - Antiviral drugs - Antiprotozoal agents - Drugs against helminthic infections - Dermatological pharmacology - Antiseptics and disinfectants - Growth promoters - Clinical trials – Pharmacovigilance.

PROGRA OF LAB CLASSES AND CLINICAL CASES (Laboratory of Pharmacology, ICBAS – UP)

Lab Classes:
Action of acetylcholine in the guinea-pig ileum. Dose-effect curves. Antagonism by atropine. - Effects of drugs in isolated rat atria. Chronotropic and inotropic effects. Electrical pacing. 

Discussion of clinical cases (two different cases per practical class):
- Veterinary Toxicology (MIMV) - Ulcerative disease and gastroesophageal reflux - Anemias and use of hematopoietic growth factors - Antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy (Gram + / Gram - / Anaerobic and BK).

 

PHARMACOGNOSY/PHARMACOGRAPHY CLASSES (Anfiteatros, ICBAS – UP)

Introduction to pharmacognosy. Description of different pharmaceutical preparations in veterinary medicine (solid, liquid, pasty and special preparations). Introduction to Pharmacography. Prescription writing according to several proposed problems. Presentation of the literature necessary for the practical classes: book with doses for different animal species, and symposium of veterinary medicine and human medicine.

THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL CLASSES (Laboratory of Pharmacology, ICBAS – UP)

The subject varies each year.

- Anti-emetics: is there room for the use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine?

- Challenges of immunity and its pharmacological bases: yes or no vaccines?

- Pharmacological treatment of peptic ulcer in horses

- WHO: Ending the use of antibiotics in livestock species, pros and cons.

- Infection by Pasteurella multocida in the rabbit: from antibiotic treatment to emergent treatments

- Pharmacological treatment of insuff. kidney disease in cats

Mandatory literature

Boothe Dawn Merton; Small animal clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. ISBN: 0-7216-4364-7
Allen Dana G.; Handbook of veterinary drugs. ISBN: 0-7817-4126-2
Plumb Donald C.; Plumb.s veterinary drug handbook. ISBN: 0-8138-0518-X
Baggot J. Desmond; physiological basis of veterinary clinical pharmacology. ISBN: 0-632-05744-0
Adams H. Richard ed.; Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. ISBN: 0-8138-1743-9

Complementary Bibliography

Hardman Joel G. ed.; Goodman & Gillman.s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. ISBN: 0-07-135469-7
D.G. Waller, A.G. Renwick & K. Hillier; Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Saunders, 2001
Rang H. P. 070; Rang and Dalec2b4s pharmacology. ISBN: 0-443-06911-5
Guimarães Serafim; Terapêutica medicamentosa e suas bases farmacológicas. ISBN: 972-0-06029-8
Katzung Bertram G. ed.; Basic & clinical pharmacology. ISBN: 007-121931-5
G.M. Brenner & C.W. Stevens; Pharmacology, Saunders, 2006

Teaching methods and learning activities

-The teaching methodology includes theoretical, theoretical-practical and practical classes, as the following:

Theoretical classes: Video projection (Data-Show).

Theoretical-Practical lessons: Presentation and discussion of themes related to the laboratory work and to clinical practice.

Practical lessons: Focus on the discussion of clinical cases and experimental work at the Laboratory of Pharmacology (ICBAS).

Attendance to theoretical/practical and practical classes is mandatory.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	37,50
Prova oral	32,50
Teste	5,00
Trabalho escrito	15,00
Trabalho laboratorial	10,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	26,00
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Trabalho escrito	14,00
Trabalho laboratorial	12,00
Total:	108,00

Eligibility for exams

Practical Evaluation (compulsory, 6 points)

1. Monography (3 points):  Oral presentation of a new/relevant matter of importance to laboratory work and to clinical practice. Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph). Team work (3-4 students). Oral presentation (» 20 min) and oral discussion (» 10 min)

2. Discussion of clinical cases and presentation / report of the practical work (sorted group) - Instructor’s continuous Assessment (2.5 points)

3. Pharmacography - practical exam at the end of the semester (0.5 points)

Practical classification is valid for two consecutive years after achievement.

Theoretical Evaluation (14 points): Final examination (test + oral evaluation).

Test: Multiple choice questions / Correspondences / Short answer.

Admission conditions: *75% attendance to practical lessons, *3.0/6.0 points in the practical course.

Oral examination: Waived if final classification in the test is higher than * 7.5/14.0 points. Compulsory if final classification in the test is higher than * 6.0/14.0 points. Failure if final classification in the test is lowed than * 6.0/14.0 points.

NOTE: Taking the final exams (written test + oral exam) at any time requires mandatory pre-registration 72 hours before taking the exams.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final Score= 0.3* practical classes score + 0.7* Theoretical Exam Score 

Practical classes score = 0,15*Monograph  + 0,10* Practical classes +  0.05Pharmacography classes

Examinations or Special Assignments

1. Monography (3 points):  Oral presentation of a new/relevant matter of importance to laboratory work and to clinical practice. Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph). Team work (3-4 students). Oral presentation (» 20 min) and oral discussion (» 10 min)


2. 
   

   Discussion of clinical cases and presentation / report of the practical work (sorted group) - Instructor’s continuous Assessment (2.5 points)

   
   


3. 
   

   Pharmacography - practical exam at the end of the semester (0.5 points)

   
   

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Oral evaluation

Classification improvement

Written and oral exam

Observations

ADAPTATION OF STUDENT ASSESSMENT (CONTINGENCY PLAN COVID-19)

Criteria approved by MIMV's Scientific Committee and by the Pedagogical Council
 

Group assessment (“distance learning”): 8 points

Distribution of the classification:

• Practical lessons (1p group report) - 1/8 points
• Clinical cases (1p resolution + 1p discussion) - 2/8 points
• Themes (1v PPT + 1p discussion) - 2/8 points
• Monographs (2p written work + 1v discussion) - 3/8 points

Individual assessment (“final written test in person, without oral exam”): 12 points

Distribution of the classification (includes questions about practical Pharmacography classes):

• 40 multiple choice quiz - 8/12 points
• 10 short answer questions - 4/12 points

Final approval implies having at least 50% of the maximum grade in each of the two components. In special situations, duly justified, including special seasons, the final exam will consist of an “oral exam”, which can be performed at a distance.


Practical-Evaluation approval is valid for two consecutive academic years.