Pharmacology and Therapeutics I

Code:

MV312

Acronym:

FTI

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences

Instance: 2020/2021 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Veterinary Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMV	84	Official Study Plan	3	-	4	56	108

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To provide students with knowledge in General Pharmacology, with special reference to drug mechanisms of action (from molecules to the system), pharmacokinetics, relation of mechanisms of action to clinical response, side effects, clinical problems and toxicity and its use in Veterinary Therapeutics.

Learning outcomes and competences

PRACTICAL LAB CLASSES

- Application of the scientific methodology and follow-up of different experimental protocols.

- Capability of solving practical problems. Organised team work.

- Basics of laboratory safety and good laboratory practices.

- Rules of handling, management and care of lab animals.

- Training in basic experimental techniques (e.g. weighing, preparing solutions etc.).

- Specific training in pharmacological experiments (e.g. preparing equipment, isolation of the preparations and registration of biological signals, evaluation of the effects promoted by the drugs applied etc).

- Drugs administration in required doses and concentrations for in vivo and in vitro experiments.

- Understanding basic pharmacology concepts such as performing dose-response curves, drugs action selection, routes of drugs in a living organism etc.

- Observation capability, quantification, experimental variability appraisal, evaluation and interpretation of experimental data.

 

THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL CLASSES:

- Teamwork capability.

- Time management, self-discipline and work capability without direct supervision.

- Autonomous problem solving. Information retrieve and bibliographical research.

- Handling of experimental results and conclusion obtained from different sources.

- Critical assessment of different sources.

- Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph).

- Competence with Microsoft office programs such as Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint and others.

- The methodology for obtaining information and bibliographical research must include the use of databases and Internet (certification of the site’s quality).

- Mastery of communication skills (interpersonal and public speaking competencies).

- Evaluation of auto-didactism and development of interest in lifelong learning.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Students should have approved Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology.

Program

THEORETICAL CLASSES PROGRAM

General Pharmacology – Introduction to pharmacology; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics (Drug/receptor interactions, Transducing Systems); Regulatory systems (neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, autacoids, hormones); Peripheral autonomic nervous system (cholinergic and adrenergic divisions); Central nervous system pharmacology (stimulants, depressants, sedatives and hypnotics, anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonics, muscle relaxants); General and local anesthetics; Opioids; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; drugs used in gout. Cholinergic transmission:  cholinoceptor-activating and cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs; cholinoceptor-blocking drugs. Adrenergic transmission: adrenoceptor-activating  and other sympathomimetic drugs; adrenoceptor antagonist drugs. Drugs with actions on smooth muscle: Eicosanoids, Nitric oxide and Purines. Endocrine drugs: pharmacology of Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones; pharmacology of Thyroid and antithyroid drugs; Adrenocorticosteroids and adrenocortical antagonists; Gonadal hormones and antagonists; Agents that affect bone mineral homeostasis; pharmacology of diabetes. 

LAB CLASSES PROGRAM (Laboratory of Pharmacology, ICBAS – UP)

Introduction to laboratory procedures - Biotransformation of zoxozolamine “in vitro”. - Observation of the action of hepatic microsomes. - The effects of local anaesthetics in hypotonic haemolysis of rat erythrocytes. - Comparison of the anaesthetic effect of procaine and cocaine in the cornea of guinea pig. The influence of vasoconstrictors in the duration of local anaesthesia. - Action of anti-epileptics in nervous conduction. - Relaxing muscle agents (depolarizing and non-depolarizing)

EXTRAMURAL HANDS-ON CLASSES (UPVet and Campus Agrário de Vairão, ICAV – UP) 

Safety in drugs storage and handling. Introduction to the administration of drugs in different species. Material necessary for performing different administration routes. The routes include: -Large ruminants: oral (solid and liquid), gastric intubation, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous. -Small ruminants: oral (solid and liquid), gastric intubation, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous. -Equines: oral (liquid), subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous. -Dogs: oral (solid and liquid), subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous.

THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL CLASSES (Laboratory of Pharmacology, ICBAS – UP) - The subject varies each year

Practical cases:
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics (concentration-response curves)
- Discussion of clinical cases (neuropharmacology and pharmacology of the endocrine system)

Monography:
- Sedation and analgesia in small animals
- Drug treatment of feather picking in birds
- NSAIDs vs COXIBs - what are the differences?
- Role of inhibitors of the renal type 2 sodium/glucose co-transport in diabetes
- Antithyroid drugs 
- Genral anaesthesia in fish 

 

Mandatory literature

Baggot J. Desmond; physiological basis of veterinary clinical pharmacology. ISBN: 0-632-05744-0
Adams H. Richard ed.; Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. ISBN: 0-8138-1743-9
Plumb Donald C.; Plumb.s veterinary drug handbook. ISBN: 0-8138-0518-X
Allen Dana G.; Handbook of veterinary drugs. ISBN: 0-7817-4126-2
Boothe Dawn Merton; Small animal clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. ISBN: 0-7216-4364-7

Complementary Bibliography

G.M. Brenner & C.W. Stevens; Pharmacology. , Saunders, 2006
Hardman Joel G. ed.; Goodman & Gillman.s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. ISBN: 0-07-135469-7
Katzung Bertram G. ed.; Basic & clinical pharmacology. ISBN: 007-121931-5
Rang H. P. 070; Rang and Dalec2b4s pharmacology. ISBN: 0-443-06911-5
D.G. Waller, A.G. Renwick & K. Hillier; Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Saunders, 2001
Guimarães Serafim; Terapêutica medicamentosa e suas bases farmacológicas. ISBN: 972-0-06029-8

Teaching methods and learning activities

-The teaching methodology includes theoretical, theoretical-practical and practical classes, as the following:

Theoretical classes: Video projection (Data-Show).

Theoretical-Practical lessons: Presentation and discussion of themes related to the laboratory work and to clinical practice.

Practical lessons: Focus on experimental work at the Laboratory of Pharmacology (ICBAS), and drugs administration at UPVet and the ICAV/UP (Vairão).

Attendance to theoretical/practical and practical classes is mandatory.

keywords

Health sciences > Pharmacological sciences > Veterinary pharmacology

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	37,50
Prova oral	32,50
Trabalho de campo	7,50
Trabalho escrito	15,00
Trabalho laboratorial	7,50
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	22,00
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Trabalho de campo	8,00
Trabalho escrito	8,00
Trabalho laboratorial	14,00
Total:	108,00

Eligibility for exams

Practical Evaluation (compulsory, 6 points)

1. Monography (3 points):  Oral presentation of a new/relevant matter of importance to laboratory work and to clinical practice. Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph). Team work (3-4 students). Oral presentation (» 20 min) and oral discussion (» 10 min)

2. Presentation / report of practical work (sorted group); Discussion of practical clinical cases; Instructor’s continuous Assessment (2.0 points)

3. Performance of drug administrations / Instructor’s assessment (1.0 scores). Each student will be classified by her/his performance in the practical work.

Practical classification is valid for two consecutive years after achievement.

Theoretical Evaluation (14 points): Final examination (test + oral evaluation).

Test: Multiple choice questions / Correspondences / Short answer.

Admission conditions: *75% attendance to practical lessons, *3.0/6.0 points in the practical course.

Oral examination: Waived if final classification in the test is higher than * 7.5/14.0 points. Compulsory if final classification in the test is higher than * 6.0/14.0 points. Failure if final classification in the test is lowed than * 6.0/14.0 points.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final Score= 0.3* practical classes score + 0.7* Theoretical Exam Score 

Practical classes score = 0,15*Monography  + 0,1* Practical classes / Clinical cases + 0,05*Drug administration routes classes

Examinations or Special Assignments

1. Monography (3 points):  Oral presentation of a new/relevant matter of importance to laboratory work and to clinical practice. Presentation of a written piece of work (monograph). Team work (3-4 students). Oral presentation (» 20 min) and oral discussion (» 10 min)

2. Presentation / report of practical work (sorted group); Discussion of practical clinical cases; Instructor’s continuous Assessment (2.0 points)

3. Performance of drug administrations / Instructor’s assessment (1.0 scores). Each student will be classified by her/his performance in the practical work.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Oral examination

Classification improvement

Oral examination

Observations

ADAPTATION OF STUDENT ASSESSMENT (CONTINGENCY PLAN COVID-19)

Criteria approved by MIMV's Scientific Committee and by the Pedagogical Council
 

Group assessment (“distance learning”): 8 points

Distribution of the classification:

• Practical lessons (1p group report) - 1/8 points
• Clinical cases (1p resolution + 1p discussion) - 2/8 points
• Themes (1v PPT + 1p discussion) - 2/8 points
• Monographs (2p written work + 1v discussion) - 3/8 points

Individual assessment (“final written test in person, without oral exam”): 12 points

Distribution of the classification:

• 40 multiple choice quiz - 8/12 points
• 10 short answer questions - 4/12 points