General Physiology

Code:

MV123

Acronym:

FG

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences

Instance: 2017/2018 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Veterinary Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMV	96	Plan 2007 to 2017	1	-	4,5	68	121,5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To study the normal function of biological systems in mammals with emphasis on the homeosthatic mechanisms

Learning outcomes and competences

Students should be able to preview the main variations in one major system (i.e., respiratory, renal, cardiovascular or digestive) at the time a variation occurs in one other system as an evidence of the body homeostasis.

Working method

Presencial

Program

PRESENTATION: General and specific objectives. Contents. General organization. Teaching and learning methods. Evaluation. BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT: Specific transport systems and cellular function. Important gradients in Physiology. The lipid pathway. Permeability. Pumps, translocators and transmembranar hydrophilic channels. Origin of membrane potential. Methods to study ion transport. Functional integration of biological transport at cell, tissue and organ level. BIOENERGETICS AND CELL METABOLISM: Introduction. Homeostasis. Glucid metabolism and ATP synthesis. Survey of carbohydrates, lipid and protein metabolism. Metabolic role of liver. Energetic balance and metabolic rate. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION: Definition, chemical nature, synthesis and hormone transport. Action at cellular level: receptors and 2nd messengers. The hypothalamus. Endocrine function of the Hypophysis, Pancreas, Thyroid Adrenal Steroid Hormones and gonads. Calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Bone Physiology. Modelling and remodelling and their control: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, VIT D and its metabolites. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION. Mechanics of ventilation. Physical principles of gas exchanges. Gas exchange in the lungs. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Gas exchanges in the tissue. Respiratory volumes. Respiratory control. RENAL FUNCTION Body compartments. Organization of the urinary system. Structure and function of the kidneys. Glomerular filtration and renal blood flow. Glomerular and tubular functions and their control. Regulation of body osmolarity. Urine concentration and dilution. Balance of water, sodium, potassium, urea and protons. Blood and extracellular volume regulation: the roles of the kidney and the thirst mechanism ACID-BASE BALANCE: pH effect on some physiological processes. Protons balance and distribution and its regulation. Buffer mechanisms: chemical and physiological. The role of buffers, kidney and lung in the regulation of proton balance. Acid-base balance disturbances: respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION: The cardiac muscle: characteristics and electrophysiology. The cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and venous return. Hemodynamics. Flow, pressure and resistance control throughout the vascular system. Arterial pressure and circulation. The regulation of blood pressure . Microcirculation. Practical lessons 1. Biological Transport: simulation; 2. ECG and AP; 3. Renal Function: simulation; 4. Acid-base regulation: simulation; 5. Pulmonary function; 6: Metabolic Rate determination.

Mandatory literature

Hall John E.; Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. ISBN: 978-1-4557-7005-2
Boron Walter F.; Medical physiology. ISBN: 978-1-4160-3115-4

Complementary Bibliography

Widmaier Eric P.; Vander.s human physiology. ISBN: 978-1-259-08082-1

Teaching methods and learning activities

Traditional lectures (2 hours per week). A copy of the slides and the learning objectives of the lecture are available for the students; Practical work (2 hours per week), laboratorial work (small groups); mathematical models to simulate several physiological situations

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	75,00
Prova oral	10,00
Teste	15,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	40,00
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Trabalho de investigação	30,00
Total:	126,00

Eligibility for exams

To be approved in the practical course

Calculation formula of final grade

The evaluation is made by the sum of the note obtained in the practical course (5 values) and by the note obtained in the theoretical examination (15 values). Theoretical evaluation Students can opt to the accomplishment of parcelar tests (2) or the final examination. The final examination (or parcelar tests) consists of of multiple choice questions test. To be approved students must obtain in the theoretical test a note equal or superior to 7,5/15. Practical evaluation Practical evaluation is the sum of the theoretician-practical test (3 values) and the obtained in the presentation of a theme works (2 values). To be approved in the practical course studentes must get a note equal or superior to 1,5/3 in the theoretician-practical test and must attend 2/3 of the practical lessons.