Physiopathology

Code:

B/CMED3001

Acronym:

B/CMED3001

Level:

300

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medical Sciences
OFICIAL	Biology

Instance: 2016/2017 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Molecular Pahology and Immunology
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Biochemistry

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:BQ	24	Official Study Plan	3	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students

Objectives

The Fisiopathology subject studies the basic principles of pathophysiology necessary for the understanding of the animal disease processes. The discipline is focused on the mechanisms underlying the disease process and on the morphological (macroscopic, cellular and ultrastructural), physiological and biochemical changes by which it is manifested. The main objective is the "scientific study of the disease" and the "knowledge of the causes of the disease, how it begins, progresses and with the possible explanation of the signs and symptoms underlying and displayed by the patient." It studies the structural and functional changes caused by the disease and it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of normal anatomy (structure) and physiology (function), as well as histology (organization and tissue architecture) to bring light to confusing situations that may occur due to the small clinical knowledge. With the introduction of clinical cases it is intended to develop the profile of observation, interpretation and integration, necessary for the analysis of animal disease. Whenever possible, the cases will be accompanied by a clinical history, anatomical lesions and some laboratory / complementary examinations, to determine the most probable diagnosis and to explain the pathogenesis of the disease. In 30 theoretical classes it is impossible to cover all the subject matter in a detailed way. Students have to read and learn as much as possible accessing to textbooks in order to increase their knowledge. It is recommended that you read the suggested bibliography. You can achieve these goals if you read about 10 pages per day, from the beginning of classes to the final exam. They can also supplement this reading and learning with relevant literature found online. The tutorial classes are an extra to your reading. The main purpose of these is to make available the latest information not found in textbooks; Help to separate the important from the less important, and increase the knowledge of the course by presenting subjects that bring something not always accessible. Reading other textbooks increases the knowledge and understanding of the processes to be studied. The presence in theoretical classes is advised, being considered a continuous evaluation factor.

Learning outcomes and competences

The class focuses on the mechanisms underlying the disease process demonstrated through morphological (macroscopic, cellular and ultrastructural), physiological and biochemical changes. The main goal is the "scientific study of the disease" and "to obtain knowledge about the causes of disease (etiological agents), its time progression and reasons underlying the signs and symptoms of the individual." To study the structural and functional alterations the student must possess basic knowledge of normal Anatomy (structure), Physiology (function) and Histology. Examples of disease should be accompanied by comprehensive medical history, anatomical lesions, and laboratory tests to help understand the probable diagnosis and to explain the pathogenesis of the disease.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

It is necessary to have good knowledge of Histology and Embryology, Cell Biology and Physiology in order to be able to acquire the knowledge to be transmitted in this CU.

Program

Introduction to pathology. Injury and cell death. Proliferation and cell differentiation. Cellular regulation and adaptation. Abnormal development and malformations. Deposits of minerals and pigments. Inflammation. Repair. Cell regeneration. Fibrosis and scarring. Circulatory changes, thrombosis and shock. Immunopathology. Carcinogenesis and neoplasms.
Practical classes: There is a weekly practical class with a duration of 2 hours. During these macroscopy images and histological sections will be observed in order to document the disease and complement what was said in class. Histological sections are provided during practical classes. The objective of the practical program is to provide the student with an opportunity to understand the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of pathological basic processes, general and important diseases, and to learn how to describe and identify them using their own terminology. Classroom handouts are available on the ICBAS (SIGARRA) page and are available at least 1 day before the practical lesson. The previous reading of this information, as well as additional information that can obtain is advised before the practical class. Histological sections are available for prior appointment with the teacher responsible for teaching the practical component. Recommendation: It is strongly recommended that you study for an Atlas of Veterinary Pathology.

Mandatory literature

McGavin M. Donald; Pathologic basis of veterinary disease. ISBN: 978-0-323-02870-7
Kumar Vinay; Robbins basic pathology. ISBN: 0-7216-9274-5

Complementary Bibliography

Pires MA, Seixas Travassos F, Gärtner F; Atlas de Patologia Veterinária.
van Dijk JE, Gruys E., Mouwen JMVM; Color Atlas of Veterinary Pathology: General Morphological Reactions of Organs and Tissues

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and practical classes (contact with the registry of the surgical specimens for anatomopathological examination and description of the aspects observed.) Histology and cytology techniques. Histological staining techniques, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The main objective of histological sections and macroscopy is not to teach the art of morphological diagnosis, but to provide a visual support for the understanding of the mechanisms of disease. Keep in mind that you have to learn CONCEPTS, and NOT memorize the pattern.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	60,00
Participação presencial	10,00
Trabalho escrito	30,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	39,00
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Trabalho de campo	40,00
Total:	135,00

Eligibility for exams

The evaluation of this UC is continuous and distributed throughout the semester. It means that students will have to do two frequencies. The date of the 1st frequency will be scheduled at the beginning of the semester and the 2nd frequency will be held at the normal examination time. If the grade of the 1st exam is lower than 9.5 points, the students will be submitted to a final exam containing all the subjects taught. Written and orally works presented in the practical classes, as well as the attendance to the theoretical classes, have a weight of 30% and 10%, respectively.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final evaluation includes the following components:
Attendance to theoretical classes (10%);
Written and oral work (30%)
Frequencies (35%);
Practical examination (25%)

Examinations or Special Assignments

Oral and written presentations of scientific articles within the scope of the discipline must be presented in a single moment, near the end of the semester. These are done in groups of 3 to 4 students and should be presented orally, in powerpoint format, in 5-10 minutes, during the practical class. It is intended that, by the end of the semester, all groups will have submitted their work on the date set for this purpose.

Internship work/project

Does not apply to this UC

Classification improvement

In order to improve the final grade, it will be mandatory to take a practical and theoretical examination of all the subject matter of the CU. The final evaluation is done as follows:

Theoretical examination (60%)

Practical examination (40%)