Imagiology

Code:

MV313

Acronym:

IG

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Clinical Sciences

Instance: 2014/2015 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Veterinary Clinics
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Veterinary Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMV	69	Plan 2007 to 2017	3	-	5,5	80	148,5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

1. Provide the student with the knowledge about the diagnostic imaging techniques in use in clinical practice of small animals, equines and exotic pets, namely radiology, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scintigraphy. 2. Provide the students the knowledge so they can perform and interpret radiographies and ultrasound exams and to identify images obtained by CT, MRI and scintigraphy.

 

 

Learning outcomes and competences

Considering the context of this curricular subject in MIMV (3rd year, 1st semester), this discipline has as main objective to help students acquire the following skills: 1. Ability to select the  most appropriate diagnostic imaging technique, according to the clinical context of the animal, in order to optimize the information that can be obtained by imaging and thus contributing to the clinical diagnosis of the patient 2. Knowing the main foundations and respective clinical applications of diagnostic imaging techniques taught, including radiology, ultrasound, CT, MRI and scintigraphy; Know the basics to obtain a radiographic image (companion animals and horses) and ultrasound (companion animals) 4. Be able to assess and, if applicable, improve the quality of images obtained in order to optimize the information latent 5. Recognize the radiographic anatomy and normal variations of the respective species, if applicable, in companion animals and horses 6. Locate, describe and interpret radiographic lesions (companion animals and horses) and ultrasound (companion animals ) in the most common diseases in each species, with the primary objective to identify a diagnosis or differential diagnosis 7. Recognize the radiographic and sonographic signs of the main pathologies in exotic species most common in the clinical national practice. 8. Use the appropriate terminology in describing the observed image, taking into account the imaging technique used.

Working method

Presencial

Program

I. RADIOLOGY 1.1. General concepts Radiation (corpuscular radiation, electromagnetic radiation, X-rays, radiation emerging). Radiobiology (history; mechanism of action of ionizing radiation on biological material; biological consequences; cellular responses to radiation, magnitudes and radiological units; radiation protection,;system limiting doses; monitoring, general measures for reduction of radiation in diagnostic radiology services). X-ray generator (X-ray generator; X-ray tube; control panel; production of X-rays radiation general, radiation characteristic). Radiographic accessories  (diaphragms, filters, grilles, cassettes, intensifying screens, radiographic films, digital radiography, computed radiology, direct digital radiology). Interaction of X-rays with matter - The radiographic image (image quality, density / opacity, radiographic contrast, detail / radiographic definition; defects of exposure; other technical errors; image geometry). Radiographic contrast (directions; ideal contrast medium; patient preparation; types of contrast media). Revelation (manual and automatic, digital image capture, computed radiography (CR), direct digital radiography (DDR); positioning projections and radiographic observation). 1.2. Radiology in companion animals Axial skeleton (skull and spine: anatomy, indications, radiographic technique, radiographic contrast techniques; main lesions. Appendicular skeleton (anatomy and general development - bones and joints; radiographic technique, radiographic interpretation - bones and joints; definitions, description of the injury; most frequent pathologies). Thorax and neck (radiographic technique, anatomy radiographic chest; most frequent pathologies; technical radiographic contrast). Abdomen (radiographic technique; radiographic anatomy; most frequent pathologies; radiographic contrast). 1.3. Radiology in equines General concepts (equipment and accessories; patient preparation; radiographic technique; frequent technical errors; radiographic contrast). Axial skeleton (skull and spine: anatomy, indications, radiographic technique, radiographic contrast techniques; major injuries). appendicular skeleton (radiographic technique, anatomy; most frequent pathologies) . Thorax and neck (radiographic technique, radiographic anatomy of the chest; most frequent pathologies). 1.4. Radiology in birds, small mammals, chelonians, reptiles (equipment; patient preparation; positioning; restraint; radiographic anatomy; clinical cases). II . ULTRASOUND 2.1. General concepts Physics; principle pulse / echo, ultrasound, piezoelectric effect, interaction of ultrasound with tissues (reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption). Descriptive terminology. Ultrasound machine (resolution of the apparatus; transducers; frequency; types of transducers, gain, image formats). Artifacts (shadow side, strengthening later; acoustic shadow; reverb foreign and domestic; artifact speculate; pseudo-settling). Patient Preparation. Interpreting the ultrasound image. Ultrasound-guided biopsies . 2.2. Ultrasound in companion animals (indications; abdominal cavity: patient preparation, technique and most frequent pathologies. Echocardiography (basics). Eco-ophthalmographie (basics). 2.3. Ultrasound in birds, small mammals, reptiles (equipment; patient preparation; positioning; restraint; anatomy). III. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (General equipment; basics; indications in companion animals; indications in horses). IV. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (General equipment; basics; indications in copanion animals; indications in horses). V. SCINTIGRAPHY (General equipment; basics; indications in companion animals; indications in horses).

Mandatory literature

Donald E. Thrall; Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, WB Saunders, 2012. ISBN: 978-1-4557-0364-7
J. Kevin Kealy, Hester McAllister, John P. Graham; Diagnostic radiology and ultrasonography of the dog and cat, WB Saunders, 2011. ISBN: 978-1437701500
Janet Butler, Christopher Colles, Sue Dyson, Svend Kold and Paul Poulos; Clinical Radiology of the Horse, Blackwell Publishing Company, 2008. ISBN: 978-1-4051-7108-3

Complementary Bibliography

Thrall Donald E.; Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. ISBN: 0-7216-5092-9
Kealy J. Kevin; Diagnostic radiology and ultrasonography of the dog and cat. ISBN: 0-7216-8902-7
Penninck anf Marc Andre d`Anjou; Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. ISBN: 0813828007
Butler Janet A. 070; Clinical radiology of the horse. ISBN: 0-632-03271-5
Jimmy Saunders and Tobias Schwarz; Veterinary Computed Tomography, Wiley Blackwel , 2011. ISBN: 081381747

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical: systematization of the analysis, description and interpretation of diagnostic imaging techniques. Practical: realization and subsequent interpretation of the imaging procedure performed; presentation and discussion of clinical cases of diagnostic imaging techniques in small animals and horses. The practical training takes place on the premises of ICBAS-Porto and in the Hospital of Large Animal Veterinary Agrarian Campus ICBAS-Vairão.

keywords

Health sciences > Medical sciences > Veterinary medicine > Animal diagnostics

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de relatório/dissertação/tese	2,00
Estudo autónomo	76,50
Frequência das aulas	70,00
Total:	148,50

Eligibility for exams

Mandatory assistance in 75% of the practical classes.

Calculation formula of final grade

Theoretical exam (multiple choice and short answer) - 10/20 Practical examination - 10/20. Both exams will be eliminatory.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Optional preparation of two radiographic case reports.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Identical to the other evaluation procedures.

Classification improvement

Identical to the other evaluation procedures.