Marine Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

Code:

CMRM20

Acronym:

CMRM20

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Marine Biology and Ecology

Instance: 2012/2013 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera
Course/CS Responsible:	Master Degree in Marine Sciences - Marine Resources

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MCMRM	12	Specialisation in Marine Biology and Ecology 2008	1	-	5	50	135

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Theme I: Phytoplankton Aims: Introduction to the study and ecology of marine plankton and its taxonomic and biogeographic divisions. Phytoplankton: the notion of the main groups of phytoplankton life cycles, morphological and functional adaptations and their relationship with the physical and chemical oceanographic processes. Importance in the food chain of marine phytoplankton biotoxins and dynamic producer of major proliferations on the Portuguese coast.

Theme II: Zooplankton Aims: To transmit the notion of zooplankton, functional and ecological adaptation of organisms to their marine environment, its distribution closely with global physical processes and their trophic importance and applicability of studies of plankton.

Learning outcomes and competences

Skills: Knowing the nomenclature used in phytoplankton, the different taxonomic groups and their ecology. Ability to identify key marine species of toxic phytoplankton in the Portuguese coast and forms and sampling methodologies. Learning outcomes:
Develop the capacity to do work on marine phytoplankton.

Skills: Knowing the nomenclature used in zooplankton, the different taxonomic groups, shapes and sampling methodologies. Convey the perception that the zooplankton live in an environment where the viscous forces are decisive and that their behavior is very different from our own experience. Learning outcomes: To develop the capacity to do work on zooplankton.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Part 1. Phytoplankton I. Introduction • Divisions of plankton. • Major groups of phytoplankton and life cycles. • morphological adaptations. • Concept of population and community • Concept of biodiversity. • Cycles • Sampling of plankton production and plankton spatial and temporal scales of observation. II. Ecology of marine phytoplankton • biogeographic zones of distribution. • Adaptations and ecological interactions of physical and biological. Indicator species. • Phytoplankton of the outcrop areas. Margalef Mandala. • Examples of the distribution and dynamics of phytoplankton groups in the Iberian upwelling. III. Phytoplankton blooms and toxin-producing species • The mechanism of formation of the spring bloom. • Blooms and Red Tides. • The toxic species, types of toxicity and geographic distribution. • The toxic phytoplankton in Portuguese waters and state of knowledge of the dynamics of blooms. • Propagation of blooms. Climate change. • Networks alert Theme II: Zooplankton • Introduction • Oceans • oceanic surface circulation • Circulation • Upwelling deep ocean • ocean • Spins • The pelagic zone benthic • General definition of Plankton • Dimensions • Power Mode • Marine Zone in which • Adaptation to live through • • Stay on plankton functional and ecological adaptations of zooplankton systematic groups • Main • Systematics and morphology of the major groups of holoplankton • Sampling • Position • ecological chains (webs) and trophic transfer energy metabolism • • Growth and Reproduction and • development lifecycles • Stock resident and zooplankton production • Biology and Border zones • Motion • Energy sources turbulent eddy viscosity • • Comparison of forces, the Reynolds number • • Molecular diffusion scales of turbulent structures • Zooplankton • Life in viscous environment in viscous environment • Food • Food • Detection of possible modes of selective feeding • Calculation of feed rates • Turbulence and exchange contact with the food in fish larvae distribution patterns • Vertical • • Distribution • Spatial Temporal variation • Diversity and affinity communities • Applicability of studies of plankton zoogeography • • Fisheries and Aquaculture stock assessment • • Toxicology • Climate change • Examples of studies on the Portuguese coast

Mandatory literature

Vários; Ver listagem fornecida em Observações., Vários, Vários. ISBN: Vários

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures - analysis and discussion of the syllabus. Practical classes - Field trips and laboratory practice for learning techniques in studies of phytoplankton and zooplankton: sampling, determination of physical-chemical parameters of water, transport of phyto and zooplankton living microscopic observation with phase contrast and bright field microscope inversion and scanning electron microscopy of living and fixed specimens of several species of phytoplankton with special emphasis on producing toxins or producing discoloration of sea water, observation and screening of live zooplankton, establishing a culture of copepods and their food .

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Monograph	Trabalho escrito		12,50
Final exam	Exame		87,50
	Total:	-	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
Classes and field trips	Frequência das aulas	50
Self study	Estudo autónomo	85
	Total:	135,00

Calculation formula of final grade

Block of phytoplankton = 75% (grade in final exam) + 25% (thematic monograph)
Block of zooplankton = 100% (grade in final exame)

Final Score = Block of phytoplankton (50%) + Block of zooplankton (50%)

Examinations or Special Assignments

Conducting thematic monographs.

Observations

Bibliography main and complement:
olebrook, J.M. (1973) The design of sampling surveys, FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., 122, 52-58 p. GEOHAB. (2005). Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in upwelling systems. G.Pitcher, M.T. Moita, F. Figueiras, R. Kudela, T. Probyn & V. Trainer (eds.). SCOR and IOC, Baltimore and Paris, 82 pp.. GEOHAB. (2008). Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in stratified systems. P.Gentien, B. Reguera H. Yamakazi, L. Fernand, E. Berdalet & R. Raine (eds.). SCOR and IOC, Paris and Newark, 59 pp.. Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M. & Cembella, A.D. (Eds.) 1995. - Manual on harmful marine microalgae. IOC Manual and Guides, UNESCO Nº 33, 551 pp. Harris, R., Wiebe, P., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H.R., Huntley, M., (ed.) (2000) ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual. 684 pp. ICES (vários) Fiches d’identification du Zooplankton Lasker, R. (Ed.) (1984) Marine fish larvae. Morphology, Ecology and Relation to Fisheries. University of Washington Press, 131 pp. Longhurst, A., (1998) Ecological Geography of the Sea. Acadmic Press, 398 pp. Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (1996) Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems. Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston. 466 pp. Margalef, R. (1978). Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanol. Acta, 1(4): 439-509. Smetacek V. & U. Passow (1990). Spring bloom initiation and Sverdrup's critical-depth model. Limnol. Oceanogr., 35: 228-234 Sournia, A. (Ed.)(1978). Phytoplankton manual. Monographs on Oceanic Methodology. 6. UNESCO, Paris, 337 pp. Raymont, J.E.G. (1963) Plankton and productivity in the Oceans. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 660 pp. Smith P., Richardson S.L. (1977) Standard techniques for pelagic fish eggs and larva surveys. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., 175, 100pp Todd, C.D., Laverack, M.S., Boxshall, G.A., 1996 Coastal Marine Zooplankton: a Practical Manual for Students. University Press, Cambridge, 106 pp. Tomas, C.R. (Ed.) 1993. - Marine Phytoplankton: A guide to Naked Flagellates and Coccolithophorids. Academic Press, Inc., N. York, 263 pp. Tomas, C.R. (Ed.) 1996. - Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Inc., N. York, 598 pp.