Human Physiology

Code:

MT201

Acronym:

F_HUMA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2004/2005 - A

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology
Course/CS Responsible:	Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MED	115	Plano oficial a partir de 2003	2	7		-

Objectives

1st Semester
To inspire knowledge in the field of neurophysiology and its practical utility in the learning process:
1) Memorization of inherent basic electrophysiological principles to the nervous and muscular tissues; Principles of the conduction pathways, general and special sensitivity and respective transmission and integration of neuro-muscular and neuro-neuronal message; Motor organization on the different levels, showing specific clinical pictures; Cortical organization with examples of primary, secondary and associative areas. 2) Perception and memorization of anatomic and functional details of nervous and muscular structures after dissection, identification and assembly of the same ones in register systems; reading and interpretation of results according to a basic scientific perspective; exploration of basic practical knowledge based on a systematic methodology and reasoning; 3) simulations of physiological phenomena (neuromuscular) by quantitative methods; expression and conclusion of a laboratorial process through report or solution of small practical questions.

2nd Semestre
To apply basic knowledge to understand the concept of dysfunction in humans/patients.
To integrate such information to understand the mechanisms of the entire body function on health and disease.
To develop models and concepts to understand the advantage on using complementary means of examination (such us laboratory medicine) as relevant information to understand the systems and body function response to internal and external aggression.
To start the study of pathophysiology of diverse systems or other structures involved on mechanisms of diseases, as a first and integrative procedure that will be completed later on the clinical teaching.

Program

1st Semester
Theoretical Lessons: A) Physical and Physico-Chemical Principles of the Electrophysiology. B) Electrophysiological Bases of Neurophysiology. C) Physiology of the Basic Components of the Nervous System. D) Major Nervous Pathways and the Upper Nervous Functions.
Practical Lessons – Simulations of membrane potential at rest; Simulations of action potential and its propagation; Biological Analogous – Electrotonic Potential; Skeletal and cardiac muscle of the frog; Neuromuscular synapse of the gastrocnemius muscle of the frog; Simulations of the isometric and isotonic contraction of the muscle; Visceral smooth muscle; Neurological examination in the human being; Scientific perspective of Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture.

2nd Semestre
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION: Control of glandular secretion. Feed-back. Endocrine rhythms. Neuro-peptides. Endocrine pathophysiology,
NERVOUS FUNCTION: Generators and evaluation of neuronal activity: EEG; EP; EMG, SPECT. Integration of Functions. Learning and Memory. Plasticity and Long Term Potentiation. Epilepsy and Dementia. Dysfunction of Autonomic Nervous System. Chronobiology. Sleep Physiology and Sleep Pathology.
DIGESTIVE FUNCTION: Oesophagus physiology and pathophysiology. Gastric Function/Dysfunction. Peptic Diseases. Gastro-duodenal axis. Liver function. Gallbladder and Pancreas Function/Dysfunction. Small Intestine and Colon Functions. Sphincters. Nervous System Control of Digestive Function.
RENAL FUNCTION: Pathophysiology of Acute or Chronic Renal Failure. Peritoneal and Hemo-dialysis.
HAEMATOPOIÉTIC FUNCTION: Micro environment . Read and White cells physiology. Haemostasis: Platelets; Coagulation; Fibrinolysis.
CARDIO-VASCULAR FUNCTION: Cardiac physiology. Cardiovascular Failure. Congestion. Cardiac Failure. The lungs and cardiac failure. Non Cardiac Pulmonar Oedema. Methods used to evaluate cardio-vascular function: ECG, Eco-CG ; Rx, Catheter/angiography, CT scan, MRI, SPECT.
RESPIRATORY FUNCTION: The Functional Unit of Respiration. Lung Functions and Defence Mechanisms. The Blood Gases. Alkalosis and acidosis. Control mechanisms. Smokers. The effect of smoking. The lungs emphysema.
The role of diverse laboratorial methodologies on helping clinical diagnosis.

Main Bibliography

Guyton A. Textbook of Medical Physiology. W.B. Saunders Company. 10th Ed., 2000
Comprehensive Human Physiology -Vol. 1 e 2 - R Greger, U Windhorst. Springer, Berlin, 1996.
Vander’s Human Physiology. The mechanisms of body function. E Widmeyer, H Raff, K Strang. Mac GRaw Hill, Boston 2006
Textbook of Internal Medicine. Harrison Ed.>= 2003
The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations. Netter. Reedição de 1992
Ganong. Medical Physiology. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 22nd Ed., 2005
Estudo funcional respiratório. Bases Fisiológicas e Aplicação na Prática Clínica. António Couto e J. Reis Ferreira. Ed. Lidel, Lisboa, 2004
Papers from Current Medical Journals (Portuguese, English, French or Spanish languages), available/subscribed by ICBAS or Hospital Santo António Central Libraries.

Complementary Bibliography

Boron W. F., Boulpaep E.L. Medical Physiology. Saunders Company. 2003
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH and Jessel TM (Edts). Principles of Neural Science. 4th Edition, McGrawHill, New York, 2000

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and theoretical/practical lessons. Observations of the neurological patients before and after diseases. Visits to encephalic and rachidian surgeries. Laboratorial demonstrations, simulation of physiological phenomena by quantitative models. Models based on human cases (patients/students) as to observe the importance of functional studies of the diverse systems in the body.

Software

Specifically elaborated software for simulating physiological phenomena

Evaluation Type

Eligibility for exams

Multiple Choice exam.

Calculation formula of final grade

Average of both semestres
1st Semester: Sum up of the practical score up to 5 values with the theoretical score up to 15 values in a total of 20 values.
2nd Semestre: Evaluation of projects reports (12.5%) + Texts/Papers evaluation (7.5%) + Final Exam (25 questions - 80%).

Observations

Particular interest in the introduction of new subjects related to the scientific activity of the teaching group or of others teachers invited, in the area of neurophysiology, as well as the observation of specific clinical pictures in patients with neurological problems. Approach in the area of the reflex-therapy through a scientific perspective of the Chinese Medicine (acupuncture and chiropraxis) constitutes a subject of interest for the students. The students can contact teachers, at ICBAS, during the days of theoretical and theoretical-practical lessons. The Co-Director of 1st semester is available every day at ICBAS. In the Hospital they can make at the office of Director (except Monday afternoon and Friday morning).