Histology and Embryology I
Keywords |
Classification |
Keyword |
OFICIAL |
Biology |
Instance: 2025/2026 - 1S 
Cycles of Study/Courses
Teaching Staff - Responsibilities
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
Promote theoretical and practical knowledge of the microanatomy and histophysiology of human tissues, as well as of the circulatory and lymphoid systems, including some aspects of general embryology.
Provide skills that enable the analysis, understanding, and progressive integration of content from histology, anatomy, cell biology, physiology, immunology, biopathology, and related fields.
Foster a dynamic and integrative perspective, encouraging the appreciation of the importance and applicability of knowledge and competences in the training of dental surgeons, within a holistic understanding of the human body.
Learning outcomes and competences
The student will be able to diagnose the tissues and systems studied, identifying their structural components and understanding the associated histophysiology.
They will be capable of comprehending and anticipating the consequences of alterations in the structure and function of the analysed tissues and systems.
Working method
Presencial
Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)
Prior knowledge of Cell and Molecular Biology and Anatomy.
Program
01. Epithelial tissue (covering and lining, glandular).
02. Connective tissue (cells, matrix, types of connective tissue).
03. Adipose (white, brown, beige).
04. Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrous).
05. Bone and osteogenesis (types, ossification, fractures, joints).
06. Figured elements of blood (staining, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) and hematopoiesis.
07. Muscular tissue (skeletal, cardiac, smooth).
08. Nervous tissue (neurons, glia, CNS, meninges, choroid plexuses, PNS, nerves, ganglia, ANS).
09. Cardiovascular system (blood, lymph vessels, heart).
10. Lymphoid system (cells and organizational categories, MALT, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus).
11. Integumentary system.
12. Embryological correlations.
Mandatory literature
Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia do ICBAS; Manual de Aulas Práticas, Eduardo Rocha, 2025. ISBN: n.a.
T.W. Sadler; Langman's Medical Embryology (Fifteenth Edition), Wolters Kluwer - LWW, 2022. ISBN: 197517996X
Wojciech Pawlina; Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology (Ninth, North American Edition), Wolters Kluwer - LWW, 2023. ISBN: 1975181514
Complementary Bibliography
Abraham Kierszenbaum, Laura Tres; Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology, (5th Edition). Elsevier, 2019. ISBN: 9780323673211
Daniel J. Chiego Jr; Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach, (5th Edition). Elsevier, 2018. ISBN: 10: 032349725X; 13: 978-0323497251
Paulo Abrahamsohn; Junqueira & Carneiro. Histologia Básica. Texto e Atlas, Guanabara Koogan, 2023. ISBN: 8527739275
Samuel Webster; Embryology at a Glance (2nd Edition), John Wiley & Sons, 2016. ISBN: 9781118910801
Teaching methods and learning activities
Expository methods, including lectures and interactive classes, combined with practical training.
This includes the analysis and discussion of collections of histological preparations, mainly through digital slides, digitally projected images, or by using a microscope.
In the digital laboratory, interactive discussions are promoted, integrating theory, practice, and morphofunction, through images, questionnaires, and published cases.
Outside of class, complementary support is provided through SIGARRA and other online resources, offering static and dynamic materials for self-study and self-assessment.
Software
OlyVIA
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation with final exam
Assessment Components
Designation |
Weight (%) |
Participação presencial |
5,00 |
Exame |
95,00 |
Total: |
100,00 |
Amount of time allocated to each course unit
Designation |
Time (hours) |
Estudo autónomo |
45,00 |
Frequência das aulas |
63,00 |
Total: |
108,00 |
Eligibility for exams
According to the General Regulations for Student Assessment at the University of Porto, a student is considered to have fulfilled the attendance requirement for a course unit if, being duly enrolled, they do not exceed the absence limit corresponding to 25% of the total scheduled classes.
For this course unit, only attendance at practical classes will be considered for this purpose.
Attendance recorded in previous academic years, from 2020/21 onwards inclusive, is taken into account for the current academic year.
Calculation formula of final grade
Final grade = (Theoretical exam grade x 0.45) + (Practical exam grade x 0.50) + (Class participation grade x 0.05).
Each partial grade is awarded on a scale from 0 to 20 points.
Minimum grade for the theoretical test: 9.5 points.
Minimum grade for the practical test: 9.5 points.
Minimum final grade: 9.5 points (rounded to 10 points).
Condition for admission to the practical test: achieving the minimum grade of 9.5 points in the theoretical exam.
Participation rewards attendance, attitudes, collaboration, commitment, and the quality of the student’s performance over time. For this purpose, mainly practical classes, as well as theoretical ones, will be considered. Questions will be set to assess the final participation grade.
Examinations or Special Assignments
THEORETICAL EXAM – Multiple-choice test. Each question has five options, of which only one is correct. Candidates may select as many options as they wish – the correct option counts as 100% of the question; each incorrect option penalises by 25%. The number of questions and the duration of each exam will be communicated at the time of the test. Generally, the time allocated will not be less than 50 seconds per question.
PRACTICAL EXAM – Consists of a short-answer questionnaire based on static and/or dynamic images (digital slides). Diagnosis of histological structures or related questions are required. The number of questions may vary. The duration of the exam will be communicated at the time of the test.
SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS: No special assignments are required, although small questionnaires may be administered either face-to-face or remotely.
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
The exams described above are intended for students taking exams during the regular exam periods (normal and resit). In this context, special exams requested, for example, by student representatives or during the special September exam period, may take different forms, according to a model determined by the course instructor on a case-by-case basis.
Such exams may consist of assessments similar to those described, but with a different number of questions, written theoretical-practical tests, projected theoretical-practical tests, direct oral examinations using histological slides under a microscope, among others. The exact type of exam will be communicated at the time of its administration.
Scheduling of exams is the responsibility of the faculty, according to their availability and the booking of exam spaces. Information will be communicated to candidates via notices on SIGARRA, documents, and especially by email, using the addresses provided by ICBAS as recorded in students’ SIGARRA profiles; alternatively, notices may be posted on Moodle.
Classification improvement
Improvement of the final grade is only possible after passing the course unit.
Improvement is achieved by taking new final exams, theoretical and/or practical, with the participation grade remaining unchanged.
The best possible combination of grades obtained will always be considered, whether from the same assessment period or from different ones.
It is the student’s responsibility to verify that the best combination has been applied and to raise concerns if this is not the case.
Observations
If a student does not achieve the final pass in a given exam period, positive partial grades obtained (from the 2020/21 academic year onwards) in various assessment components may carry over to subsequent exam periods and/or academic years, subject to confirmation by the course instructor at the start of each academic year.
During an exam period, the student may choose to take only the theoretical exam. If passed, the practical exam may be taken at a later date. Until the theoretical exam is passed, the student cannot improve their theoretical exam grade. However, they may forfeit the pending grade and sit a new theoretical exam, in which case the new grade will apply, whether higher or lower.
Only pending grades obtained from the 2020/21 academic year onwards will be considered, subject to validation by the course instructor.
Repeating students who are enrolled are typically exempt from attending practical classes, although attendance at theoretical classes is recommended. They may only attend practical classes again if an individual place is available in the room.