Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy I

Code:

MI072216

Acronym:

FTFGN1

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physical Sciences

Instance: 2021/2022 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://moodle.up.pt/course/view.php?id=78
Responsible unit:	Pharmacognosy Laboratory
Course/CS Responsible:	MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MICF	280	Official Curriculum	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Knowledge of basic metabolic pathways of plant biosynthesis (particularly acetate and shikimate pathway,);
Knowledge of chemical groups and biosynthetic pathways of origin of secondary metabolites;
Knowledge of drugs of natural origin, either included or not in pharmacopoeias:
-with pharmacological actions and used in therapeutics
-containing starting materials for the semisynthesis of pharmacologically active molecules by the pharmaceutical industry
- containing auxiliary substances for pharmaceutical and food industries.

Learning outcomes and competences

In a broad sense, the student will acquire knowledge on plant products with therapeutic activity and on active principles with pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food interest, or their toxicity, derived from plant species. The student will have an overview of the various uses of plant species and acquire knowledge on techniques applicable to their quality control.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. Concepts of phytochemistry and pharmacognosy
2. Therapeutic use of drugs of plant origin
3. Microscopic analysis of plant drugs
4. Primary metabolites
4.1. Carbohydrates
4.1.1. Monosaccharides
4.1.2. Oligosaccharides
4.1.3. Polysaccharides
4.1.3.1. Bacteria and fungi polysaccharides
4.1.3.2. Algae polysaccharides
4.1.3.3. Vascular plants polysaccharides
4.1.3.3.1. Homogeneous polysaccharides
4.1.3.3.1.1. Starch
4.1.3.3.1.2. Cellulose
4.1.3.3.1.3. Frutans 
4.1.3.3.2. Heterogeneous polysaccharides
4.1.3.3.2.1. Gums
4.1.3.3.2.2. Mucilages
4.1.3.3.2.3. Pectic substances
4.2. Lipids
5. Secondary metabolites
5.1. Acetyl-coenzyme A and acetate pathway metabolites
5.1.1. Quinones
5.1.1.1. Biosynthesis and classification
5.1.1.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.1.1.3. Pharmacological activity and therapeutic use
5.1.1.4. Naphthoquinone-containing plant drugs
5.1.1.5. Anthraquinone-containing plant drugs
5.1.1.6. Naphthodiantrone-containing plant drugs
5.1.2. Orcinols and phloroglucinols
5.1.2.1. Biosynthesis
5.1.2.2. Pharmacological activity
5.1.2.3. Plant drugs with these compounds
5.2. Shikimic acid and shikimic acid pathway metabolites
5.2.1. Simple phenols and phenolic acids
5.2.1.1. Biosynthesis
5.2.1.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.1.3. Simple phenol-containing plant drugs
5.2.1.4. Phenolic acid-containing plant drugs
5.2.2. Coumarins
5.2.2.1. Biosynthesis
5.2.2.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.2.3. Pharmacological activity and therapeutic use
5.2.2.4. Plant drugs with these compounds
5.2.3. Lignans, neolignans and related compounds 
5.2.3.1. Biosynthesis
5.2.3.2. Pharmacological activity and therapeutic use
5.2.3.3. Plant drugs with these compounds 
5.2.4. Diarylheptanoids, arylalkanones and stilbenoids
5.2.4.1. Biosynthesis
5.2.4.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.4.3. Pharmacological activity and therapeutic use
5.2.4.4. Plant drugs containing these compounds 
5.2.5. Xanthones
5.2.5.1. Biosynthesis
5.2.5.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.5.3. Pharmacological activity and therapeutic use
5.2.5.4. Xanthone-containing plant drugs
5.2.6. Flavonoids
5.2.6.1. Biosynthesis, chemical structure and classification
5.2.6.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.6.3. Biological properties and therapeutic use
5.2.6.4. Flavonoid-containing drugs
5.2.7. Tannins
5.2.7.1. Biosynthesis, chemical structure and classification
5.2.7.2. Physicochemical properties and analysis
5.2.7.3. Biological properties and therapeutic use
5.2.7.4. Tannin-containing drugs

Mandatory literature

Bruneton, Jean; Pharmacognosie, Phytochimie, Plantes Médicinales, Lavoisier TEC & DOC, 2016. ISBN: 978-2-7430-2165-8
Valentão, Patrícia; Fitoquímica e Farmacognosia I, Manual de Laboratório 2020-2021

Complementary Bibliography

Comissão da Farmacopeia Portuguesa; Farmacopeia portuguesa VIII. ISBN: 972-8425-67-8
Cunha A. Proença da 340; Farmacognosia e fitoquímica. ISBN: 972-31-1142-X
Costa Aloísio Fernandes; Farmacognosia. ISBN: 972-31-0913-1

Teaching methods and learning activities

The course unit of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy I is included in the Moodle e-learning platform provided by the Office of Support for New Technologies in Education, UP. Thus, the presentations given in the lessons will be available in the platform. The platform also includes a forum to address the subjects from a different perspective of the lessons.

Theoretical lessons: 2 h/week. Presentations in "data show" (powerpoint software).
Laboratorial lessons: 2 h/week. In the beginning of the semester a laboratory handbook is supplied to the students, where they will find the protocols of the works to be performed and the respective theoretical explanation. Videos will also be made available regarding laboratory work on phytochemical analysis. Each laboratorial work will be carried out by groups of two students. Whenever possible, the laboratorial work will correspond to the content of the theoretical lectures, in order to facilitate their interconnection.

keywords

Health sciences
Health sciences > Pharmacological sciences > Pharmacognosy

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Frequência das aulas	48,00
Total:	48,00

Eligibility for exams

The assistance of students to theoretical lectures is not mandatory.
The assistance of students to laboratory lectures is mandatory. Students with less than 75% attendance of effectively given lectures are considered not eligible for the exam.

Calculation formula of final grade

In the final classification, the laboratory component corresponds to 25%, with the remaining 75% allocated to the theoretical test.
Students with a grade of less than 50% (2.5 points) of the value of the laboratory component in the evaluation of the course unit are considered failed and must perform a laboratorial final exam.
Students who obtain a score on the written test less than 46.67% (7.0 points) of the value of the written component in the evaluation of the course unit are considered failed.

Examinations or Special Assignments

There is neither specific evaluation nor special assignments, except for those cases prescribed by law for students included in special regimens.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to the general law and the rules adopted by the Educational Council.

Classification improvement

The improvement of classification consists of a practical test (optional) and a written test, covering all subjects taught in the lessons.

Observations

In the context of the epidemiological situation in Portugal caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19, if it proves necessary, the adoption of exceptional measures is foreseen.

Under these circumstances, the laboratory classes will take place in the laboratories, but respecting 50% of the usual capacity, with each class divided into two shifts, organizing the activities so that the shift that is not taking classes in the laboratory is developing alternative teaching activities. Theoretical classes will preferably take place in face-to-face sessions, with synchronous videoconference, at the established times and using the Colibri-Zoom platform. Access to face-to-face classes will be available to students who are on the shift from that week's laboratory classes, with synchronous transmission for students who are not in the faculty.