Radiochemistry

Code:

MI073283

Acronym:

RADIOQ

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physical Sciences

Instance: 2012/2013 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	http://qf.ff.up.pt/radioquimica
Responsible unit:	Applied Chemistry Laboratory
Course/CS Responsible:	MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MICF	38	Official Curriculum	3	-	4	52	108

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Within this discipline is intended to help broaden knowledge about the atomic nucleus, the mechanisms of disintegrations alpha, beta and gamma, the kinetics of radioactive decay, interaction of radiation with matter and biological effects of radiation. Will also be addressed aspects related to the applications of radiochemical methods, as well as on nuclear fission, thermonuclear reactions, and nuclear synthesis.

Learning outcomes and competences

With this course, students should improve their knowledge about:

• the atomic nucleus;
• the nuclear radiation;
• radioactive materials and their usage and operation;
• application of nuclear radiation;
• radiopharmaceuticals, radiation protection and mechanisms of action of radiation;
• use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and therapy.

Working method

Presencial

Program

INTRODUCTION Objectives of discipline. Historical Introduction The natural and artificial radioactive substances. The ATOMIC NUCLEUS The nuclear structure. Nuclear properties. Mass and energy. Masses of elementary particles. Binding energies of nuclei. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear forces. Nuclear layered model. Magic numbers: interpretation; stability. Semi-empirical equations to calculate the binding energy of the core radioactivity. PROCESSES radioactive decay. Alpha decay. Potential barrier to alpha decay. Tunnel effect. Alpha particle formation in the nucleus. Energy spectra of alpha decay. Beta decay. The beta emission. Radiation associated with X. Spectra Energy of Disintegration beta. The disintegration range. Examples of disintegration. LAWS OF RADIOACTIVE DISINTEGRATION Experimental determination of t1 / 2. Mixture of radioactive substances. Balance transitional, secular and non-equilibrium. NUCLEAR FISSION AND thermonuclear reactions The nuclear model: attractive and repulsive forces. Fission: induced and thermal neutron. Nuclear Excitation. Fission Energy. Mass distribution in fission. Fission symmetric and asymmetric fission. Mechanism of nuclear fission reactions. Chain reactions in steady state and explosive chain reactions. Concept of critical mass. Nuclear reactors. Fusion of hydrogen: pp chains; CNO cycles. Helium fusion. Melting carbon and oxygen. Fotodesintegração reactions. Synthesis of heavy elements INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER ionization processes: formation of ion pairs; processes of excitation: fluorescence, molecular dissociation. Interaction of alpha particles. Interaction Aborvente beta particle radiation. Interaction of gamma radiation Photoelectric Effect, Auger effect and Compton effect. The biological effects of radiation sensitizers radioprotective Radio-isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals production Marking Production Handling Units radioactive emission of absorbed radiation and biological effect of radiation. Protective measures and safety. Lethal doses; nonlethal effects. The handling of radioactive material: the laboratory and experimentation DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION IONIZING detectors and radiation meters. Methods based on the collection of ions: ionization chamber, proportional counter, Geiger-Muller counter. Methods based on light emission. Detectors route: solid-state detectors; Chamber of fog; Chamber of bubbles. Imaging equipment radiochemical METHODS Analytical Applications: radiometric analysis, isotope dilution analysis and Activation Analysis. Applications in biophysical studies and in studies of exchange, and structural mechanisms of reactions. Industrial applications, applications in chemistry of soils and agricultural applications in biology and medicine: Atoradiografia; Affinity biological; Radionuclides used in Nuclear Medicine. Some diagnostic techniques; External and internal radiotherapy.

Mandatory literature

G. Friedlander, J. W. Kennedy, E. S. Macias, J. M. Miller; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Wiley: New York, 1981

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures and practical classes

keywords

Physical sciences
Physical sciences > Chemistry > Physical chemistry > Radiation chemistry

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	68,00	0,00
Final Exam	Exame	2,00	75,00
written work	Defesa pública de dissertação, de relatório de projeto ou estágio, ou de tese	10,00	25,00
	Total:	-	100,00

Calculation formula of final grade

Developing a seminar on a proposed topic (25%) and Final Exam (75%)