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Escombreiras em autocombustão na Bacia Carbonífera do Douro: Processos, impactes ambientais e monitorização

Title
Escombreiras em autocombustão na Bacia Carbonífera do Douro: Processos, impactes ambientais e monitorização
Type
Chapter or Part of a Book
Year
2025
Authors
Flores, D
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FCUP
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Ana Teodoro
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FCUP
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Armindo Melo
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Catarina Mansilha
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Viveiros, D
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Ribeiro, J
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Ferreira, J
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Espinha Marques, J
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FCUP
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Santos, JL
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FCUP
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Batista, JM
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Duarte, L
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FCUP
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Santos, P
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Scientific classification
CORDIS: Natural sciences
Other information
Subject: Bacia Carbonífera do Douro: Novos Desenvolvimentos
Resumo (PT): A autocombustão de carvão pode ocorrer em camadas aflorantes, durante as atividades de exploração mineira, durante o armazenamento e transporte de carvão, bem como em depósitos de resíduos resultantes da exploração. A autocombustão de carvão causa a mobilização de poluentes, sob a forma de matéria particulada e gases, constituídos por compostos orgânicos e/ou elementos tóxicos, que podem ser emitidos, libertados ou lixiviados, para os solos, águas e atmosfera do ambiente envolvente. A atividade mineira na Bacia Carbonífera do Douro causa impactes no ambiente devido, entre outros, à autocombustão de escombreiras, cuja ignição foi causada por incêndios rurais que ocorreram em 2005 e 2017. A caracterização dos materiais que constituem estas escombreiras assim como a caracterização e quantificação dos impactes ambientais causados pela sua autocombustão, incluindo os impactes, nos solos e nas águas da área envolvente, permitiu a identificação de compostos orgânicos e elementos inorgânicos que podem ser perigosos para os ecossistemas e para o ambiente. A monitorização da temperatura associada à autocombustão foi realizada através de diferentes técnicas/abordagens, com base em sensores de fibra óptica, e por técnicas de deteção remota, recorrendo a veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANT), contribuindo para a previsão da dinâmica da autocombustão, assim como para a previsão de cenários evolutivos. A quantificação de contaminantes nos solos e nas águas, a análise da sua distribuição espacial e a definição da extensão da contaminação através da aplicação de algoritmos geoestatísticos e da exploração dos dados geoespaciais permitiram a caracterização dos riscos ambientais, essenciais para a definição de medidas apropriadas de mitigação e recuperação.
Abstract (EN): Coal related fires can occur in un-mined outcrops, during coal mining, during storage and transportation of coal, and in coal waste piles. The self-burning of coal mobilizes contaminants, as particulate matter, and gases, composed of organic compounds and/or toxic trace elements, which may be emitted, released, or leached to soils, waters and atmosphere of the surrounding environment. The past mining activity in the Douro Coalfield impacted the environment due to, among others, the self-burning, whose ignition was caused by forest fires that occurred in 2005 and 2017. The characterization of the materials that constitute these coal wastes as well as the characterization and quantification of the environmental impacts caused by their self-burning, including impacts on soils and waters of the surrounding area, allowed the identification of organic compounds and inorganic elements that can be dangerous for ecosystems and the environment. The monitoring of the temperature associated to self-burning was carried out through technological tools, based on optical fiber sensors, and by remote sensing techniques, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) contributing to the prediction of the dynamics of the self-burning coal waste deposits as well as to the prediction of evolutionary scenarios. The quantification of contaminants in soils and water, the analysis of its spatial distribution and the definition of the extent of pollution, through the application of geostatistical algorithms and the exploration of geospatial data, allowed the characterization of environmental risks, essential for the definition of appropriate measures for mitigation and recovery
Language: Portuguese
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
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