Electronics

Code:

FIS2015

Acronym:

FIS2015

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2024/2025 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Physics and Astronomy
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Engineering Physics

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:B	0	Official Study Plan	3	-	6	48	162
L:CC	2	study plan from 2021/22	2	-	6	48	162
			3
L:EF	60	study plan from 2021/22	2	-	6	48	162
L:F	9	Official Study Plan	2	-	6	48	162
			3
L:G	0	study plan from 2017/18	2	-	6	48	162
			3
L:M	2	Official Study Plan	2	-	6	48	162
			3
L:Q	4	study plan from 2016/17	3	-	6	48	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Learning outcomes and competences

The successful completion of this course should enable the student to:

• Understanding the historical evolution of knowledge in electrical circuits and electronics;

• Understanding the fundamental concepts that support electrical and electronic phenomenology, as well as the analytical and design tools that enable students to intervene in these fields;

• Provide a solid foundation for further study in these disciplines.

It is also intended that the environment in which this curricular unit will be developed shall induce reflection on science, its power and limits, as well as to contribute on its scale for a healthy and sustainable future for Human Civilization.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Those that follow from the course teaching sequence.

Program

PROGRAM

0)   The History of the Electron

This chapter runs throughout the semester and is intended to provide students with insight into the evolution of our understanding of electrical and magnetic phenomena from ancient times to the present day. Includes a section on technologic applications with direct support on the  electron properties.

1) Course Presentation + Some Reflections

• Course Presentation
• Religion, Art and Science
• science and technology

2) Introduction and Historical Context

• Electricity
• The versatility of electric action
• Electric Charge and Electric Current
• Historical context

3) Electric Action

• Electric Power and Electric Field
• Electric potential
• Electric current
• Electricity and Cells
• Cell Membrane and Information

4) Electromagnetic action

• Charges and Movement
• Magnetic field
• Electromagnetic force
• Magnetism and Speed of Light
• Electromagnetism
• Maxwell's Equations and Matter
• Electrical Polarization and Magnetic Polarization
• Electromagnetic waves
• The light

5) Basic Considerations on Electrical Current and Circuits

• Electric Current and Drag Speed
• Ohm's Law
• Electromotive force
• Electrical Circuit and Electrical Systems
• Basic Elements of Electrical Systems
• Resistors
• Electric power
• Joule's Law and a Surprising Implication
• Instruments for Analysis and Design of Electrical Circuits
• Resistance Association
• Voltage and Current Divider
• Triangle-Star Transformation
• Wheatstone Bridge
• Kirchhoff Laws
• Node Voltage Technique and Mesh Current Technique
• Thevenin and Norton Theorems
• Superposition Principle
• Connection of Electric Circuits
• Symmetries and Energy Conservation

6) Capacitors and Coils

• Coils, Physical Principle
• Capacitors, Physical Principle
• Voltage and Current in Resistors, Coils and Capacitors
• Coil Association
• Capacitors Association
• Time Response of RC and RL Circuits
• Time Response of a RLC Circuit

7) Alternating Current

• Variable Voltages
• Phasors, Resistors, Coils and Capacitors
• Generalized Ohm's Law
• Kirchhoff Laws for Phasors
• Impedance Association
• Triangle-Star Transformation
• Electric power,Average Power, Reactive Power and Apparent Power; Applications

8) Electric Power and Batteries

• Electricity Generation
• Electric Power Generation Plants
• Hydroelectric Power Plants in Portugal
• Thermal Power Plants in Portugal
• Nuclear Power Plants (Fission)
• Wind Power Plants
• Photoelectric Power Plants
• Nuclear Power Plants (Fusion)
• The transformer
• Electricity Distribution Systems
• A Problem of Currents…
• Tesla
• Batteries

9) Semiconductors and Diodes

• Electrical/Electronic Circuits Before the Semiconductor Era
• Semiconductors
• P-n junction
• Diode
• Zener Diode
• Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• Photodiode
• Diode Circuits - Continuous Voltage Sources
• Diode Circuits - Limiters
• Diode Circuits - DC Level Fixers
• Diode Circuits - Voltage Multipliers
• Diodes in Linear and Nonlinear Circuits

10) Transistors

• The Need for an Amplifier Element in Circuits
• Valves
• Transistor
• Bipolar Transistor - Physical Principle
• Bipolar Transistor - Characteristic Curves
• Bipolar Transistor - Amplification Settings
• Field Effect Transistor - Physical Principle
• Field Effect Transistor - JFET, MOSFET Structures
• Field Effect Transistor - Amplification Settings
• Comparison of Bipolar Transistors and Field Effect Transistors
• Transistors and Two-Level Electronics (Digital Electronics)
• Transistors: Historical Perspective, Present, Future

11) Amplification

• Amplification - General Concepts
• The Feedback Concept
• Feedback Amplification
• Operational Amplifiers
• General Features
• Operational Amplifiers - Amplification Settings
• Analog Computing
• Comparators

12) Language and Binary Logic

• Language
• The Language of Mathematics
• The Binary Language
• Boolean Logic
• Combinatorial Logic
• General Considerations for Sequential Logic
• Electronic Implementation of Logic Functions

Mandatory literature

Pedro Guedes de Oliveira, Dinis Magalhães Santos; Eletrónica - Uma Visão de Projeto, U. PORTO EDIÇÕES, 2018. ISBN: 978-989-746-164-4

Complementary Bibliography

Acácio Amaral; Eletrónica Analógica, Edições Sílabo, 2017. ISBN: 9789726188773
Wilson J. A.; Basic electronics. ISBN: 0-07-070670-0
Nilsson James W.; Electric circuits. ISBN: 0-13-032120-6

Teaching methods and learning activities

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electronics
Physical sciences > Physics > Electronics > Applied electronics

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Estudo autónomo	106,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Attendance in 2/3 of the practical classes.

Calculation formula of final grade

Assessment by final exam

Observations

The Jury of the curricular unit is constituted by:

• Jose Luis Campos Oliveira Santos

• Carla Susana Santana Carmelo Rosa