Waves and Continuous Media

Code:

FIS2023

Acronym:

FIS2023

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2022/2023 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Physics and Astronomy
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Biology

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:B	1	Official Study Plan	3	-	6	56	162
L:CC	0	study plan from 2021/22	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:G	1	study plan from 2017/18	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:M	8	Official Study Plan	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:Q	1	study plan from 2016/17	3	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

• Train ideas and methods of wave mechanics, elasticity and hydrodynamics. • Understand the linear coupling between oscillators and the basic of normal modes. • Understand the concept of wave, its description and application in various areas of physics. • Perform Fourier analysis, as well as understand its importance in the study of linear waves. • Understand the result of overlapping waves and the phenomenon of interference and diffraction. • Understand the concepts of phase velocity and group velocity and the concept of dispersion. • Understand and describe the state of deformation and the stresses applied in isotropic elastic body, as well as relate the two. • Analyze simple problems of fluid dynamics and fluids in equilibrium. • Connecting to technology issues.

Learning outcomes and competences

After completing this course the student should and have a working knowledge of the main concepts in oscillatory motion and wave phenomena, elasticity and fluid mechanics. The students should be able to manipulate those concepts and apply them to solve problems.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Knowledge acquired in UCs of the 1 year in particular in Mathematical Analysis and Linear Algebra and Analytical Geometry and in Mechanics.

Program

1-Oscillations
Simple harmonic motion. Representation in the complex plane. Oscillators superposition. 
Damped oscillator. Mechanical energy. 
Forced oscillator. Resonance. Quality factor.
 Coupled oscillators. Normal modes of vibration. General method to study normal modes.
 Normal modes in continuous systems. Fourier analysis.

2-Waves
Wave equation in one dimension. Progressive waves and speed of propagation. Waves in the vibrating string. Superposition of waves. Standing waves. Energy of the wave. Power. Sound waves. Longitudinal and transverse waves in solids. Beats. Group velocity. Dispersion. Reflection and transmission of waves. Waves in two and three dimensions. Interference and diffraction. Young's experiment. Generalization to N slits.

3-Fluid media
Hydrostatics. Perfect fluid hydrodynamics. Viscosity. Navier-Stokes equation for constant viscosity incompressible fluid. Applications: flow between parallel plates, Poiseuille's law and Searle's viscometer.

4-
Elasticity
Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, and shear modulus. Torsion and shear modulus. Bending and Young's modulus. Buckling and normal modes. Stress tensor and strain tensor.

Mandatory literature

French A. P.; Vibrations and waves
José Machado da Silva; Ondas e Meios Contínuos, U.Porto editorial, 2013
Richard Phillips Feynman; The Feynman lectures on physics. ISBN: 0-8053-9047-2 (Vol. II) (Chap. 38-41)

Complementary Bibliography

Main Iain G.; Vibrations and waves in physics. ISBN: 0-521-21662-1
Pain H. J.; The physics of vibrations and waves. ISBN: 0-471-99407-3
H. Moysés Nussenzveig; Curso de Física Básica (vol. 2) (Chap. 1-6)
Donald F. Young; Introduction to fluid mechanics. ISBN: 9780470902158 (Chap. 1-3)

Teaching methods and learning activities

Classroom teaching with lectures (T) and experimental demonstration of concepts. Solving the problem sheets (by the teacher and/or by students) in TP classes.

keywords

Physical sciences

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Frequência das aulas	48,00
Estudo autónomo	114,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Not exceedind the number of absences in TP  classes corresponding to 25% of predicted classes.

Calculation formula of final grade

Max[T1 + T2, Exam]

* T1, T2 - Tests [grade 0-10] (T1 midterm, T2 final examination date "época normal")
* E - final exam [grade 0-20] (final examination date "época recurso")

During the final exam (E) students can repeat one of the testes, either T1 or T2. The final mark is then obtained using the major classification obtained in tests.

Classification improvement

- By repeating both tests in the next academic year.
- By repeating one of the tests in the next academic year.
- By final examination ( 2nd date "época de recurso") in the next academic year.

Observations

Jury of the curricular unit:

Eduardo Castro
Fátima Mota
João Lopes dos Santos