Algebra
Keywords |
Classification |
Keyword |
OFICIAL |
Mathematics |
Instance: 2021/2022 - 1S

Cycles of Study/Courses
Teaching language
Portuguese and english
Objectives
The student should know and understand the concepts and basic results of the theory of rings and modules, including basic familiarity with the classical examples. It is intended that this unit contribute to the development of skills of abstract reasoning and familiarity with the mathematical method.
Learning outcomes and competences
The aim of this course is that students will learn the basic concepts of algebra at the level of a master course.
Working method
Presencial
Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)
Prerequisites: two semesters of linear algebra, one semester of group theory.
Program
This is an introductory course in ring theory with an emphasis on modules. We will study several important classes of rings and modules, bringing forth aspects of commutative and noncommutative ring theory. Both major classical results as well as recent directions of research will be highlighted.
The following items will be covered:
1. Revision of group theory
1.1 Quotient groups and Lagrange Theorem
1.2 Euler function and Mõbius inversion formula
1.3 Class equation
1.4 Cyclicity of the multiplicative group of a fintie field.
2. Notions of Ring Theory
2.1 Homomorphisms, subrings, ideals and quotient rings
2.2 Division rings and examples.
2.3 Matrix rings and simplicity of rings
2.4 Semigroup rings and Free rings
3. Commutative Rings
3.1 Integral domains and prime ideals
3.2 Localization and radicals
3.3 Construction of finite fields
4. Module Theory
4.1 The category of modules
4.2 Short exact sequences
4.3 Projective Modules
4.4 Injective Modules
4.5 Modules over principial ideal domains
4.6 Semisimple Modules
4.7 Modules of finite length
4.8 Artin-Wedderburn, Maschke and Krull-Schmidt Theorems
4.9 Jacobson radical and Density Theorem
4.10 Hopkins-Levitzki Theorem and Nakayama Lemma
Mandatory literature
Christian Lomp; Apontamentos de álgebra, 2021 (Notes will be made available at the start of classes.)
John A. Beachy;
Introductory lectures on rings and modules. ISBN: 0-521-64340-6
Lam T. Y.;
A first course in noncommutative rings. ISBN: 0-387-97523-3
Complementary Bibliography
Brec5a1ar Matej;
Introduction to noncommutative algebra. ISBN: 9783319086927
Goodearl K. R.;
An introduction to noncommutative Noetherian rings. ISBN: 0-521-36086-2
Passman Donald S.;
A course in ring theory. ISBN: 0-534-13776-8
Rowen, Louis; Ring Theory (students edition), Academic Press, Inc., 1991. ISBN: 0-12-599840-6
Herstein I. N.;
Topics in ring theory. ISBN: 0-226-32802-3
Teaching methods and learning activities
The contents of the syllabus are presented in the lectures, where examples are given to illustrate the concepts.
keywords
Physical sciences > Mathematics > Algebra
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation with final exam
Assessment Components
designation |
Weight (%) |
Exame |
75,00 |
Trabalho escrito |
25,00 |
Total: |
100,00 |
Amount of time allocated to each course unit
designation |
Time (hours) |
Estudo autónomo |
135,00 |
Frequência das aulas |
78,00 |
Trabalho escrito |
30,00 |
Total: |
243,00 |
Eligibility for exams
Attending classes is not compulsory.
Calculation formula of final grade
The final score is the sum of the score of the two homework assignments (2,5 points each) and the score of the final exam (15 points).
The score of the homework assignments will not be considered for the makeup exame. The classification of the makeup exame phase is the same as the grade of the makeup exam.
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
Special exams will consist of a written test, which might be preceded by an eliminatory oral test to assess whether the student satisfies minimum requirements to tentatively pass the written test.
Classification improvement
The scores of the homework assignments cannot be improved.
Students that had passed the course in the current or in previous academic years can only improve their grade by taking the exame of the makeup exame phase.
Observations
Any student may be required to take an oral examination should there be any doubts concerning his/her performance on certain assessment pieces.