Eletromagnetism I

Code:

FIS1004

Acronym:

FIS1004

Level:

100

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2019/2020 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Physics and Astronomy
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Physics

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:B	1	Official Study Plan	3	-	6	56	162
L:CC	0	Plano de estudos a partir de 2014	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:F	65	Official Study Plan	1	-	6	56	162
L:G	3	study plan from 2017/18	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:M	1	Official Study Plan	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:Q	5	study plan from 2016/17	3	-	6	56	162
MI:EF	86	study plan from 2017/18	1	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

• Learn the basics of Electromagnetism


• Derive and present the laws and methods of Electromagnetism under a phenomenological perspective


• Establish links and parallels between Electromagnetism and Mechanics, using concepts such as force and energy


• Emphasize the relevance of the concept of field in the formulation of the laws of Electromagnetism, as an entity responsible for the mediation of physical interactions


• Apply, in the context of Electromagnetism, the concepts and methods of Vector Analysis and Integral Calculus in space


• Present and describe relevant applications of Electromagnetism in Science and Technology

Learning outcomes and competences

The students will have the ability to solve basic physical situations and problems envolving topics of electrostatics and magnetostatics, and the hability to establishe links to simple experimental situations.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Concepts and mathematical techniques acquired in Real Analysis I (sequences, Taylor's series, limits and continuity, differential and integral calculus) will be important for the course formalism.

The CU also makes use of the mathematical concepts thta are introduced simultaneously in Analysis II. The simultaneity of the two courses allow the demonstration/illustration of the math techniques (vectorial differential calculus) and allow a better understanding of the physical and mathematical assumptions (vectorial fields, divergence theorem/Gauss law, Stokes theorem/Ampère's Law).

Program

1. Introduction
2. Electrostatics in vacuum

• Electrisation, charges and conservation of electrical charge; conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
• Coulomb force and linear superposition.
• Electric field of point charge.
• Electric field lines.
• Electric dipole.
• Movement of electrically charged particles in electric fields.
• Action of electric field on a dipole.
• Continuous distributions of electric charge, density of charge; examples of electric fields created by continuous charge distributions.
• The -2 exponent of Coulomb’s law.
• Gauss’ law of the electric field in integral form; application examples.
• Electric field on a charged surface.
• Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. 

3. Electric potential and potential energy

• Electric energy and field potential of a point charge.
• Conservative behaviour of the electrostatic field; the field-potential relationship.
• Potential of a system of point charges and of continuous charge distributions; electric dipole potential; examples.
• Constant potential surfaces and field lines.
• Electric potential energy of a system of point charges. 

4. Capacity, capacitors and dielectrics

• System of charged conductors and the concept of capacity; capacity calculation examples.
• Dielectric materials and polarization.
• Dielectric in a parallel plates capacitor; polarization charge densities.
• Electric field inside and outside a dielectric, electric susceptibility.
• Integral form of Gauss’ law with dielectrics.
• Charge storage in a parallel plates’ capacitor, in vacuum and with a dielectric.
• Energy density of the electric field in vacuum and in a dielectric.
• Relative displacement between the parallel plates of a capacitor, charged and isolated or connected to the voltage source; electrostatic pressure.
• Capacitors in series and parallel associations. 

5. Stationary electric current

• Charge carriers, electric current intensity, current density.
• Conduction in metals; electrical conductivity of metals.
• Ohm’s law.Electric resistance; examples.
• Joule’s law.
• Continuity equation of the electric charge.
• Electromotive force of a generator;
• Resistive circuit. RC circuit. Charge and discharge of a capacitor; energy supplied by the source, energy dissipated in the resistor, and electric energy in the capacitor.

6. Magnetostatic field in vacuum, magnetic force

• Magnetic force on a moving point charge, and on an electric current element.
• Movement of charged particles in static electric and magnetic fields; examples.
• Force and force moment of magnetic fields on current loops; magnetic moment and magnetic dipole. d’Arsonval’s galvanometer. 

7. Stationary electric current and magnetic field in vacuum

• Magnetic field of a moving point charge; magnetic force between moving charges.
• Magnetic field of an electric current distribution; Biot and Savart’s law; examples; dipole field.
• Axial field of a solenoid.
• The definition of ampère (SI).
• Integral form of magnetic Gauss’ law; magnetic field lines.
• Integral form of Ampère’s law; examples. 

Mandatory literature

David Halliday; Fundamentos de Física
P. A. Tipler; Physics for scientists and engineers, Worth Publishers, 1991

Complementary Bibliography

R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands; The Feynmam Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1964
R. Blum, D. E. Roller; Physics, 2nd Vol., Holden-Day, 1982
M Alonso and E. J. Finn; Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1996
J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford, R. W. Christy; Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, Addison-Wesley, 1993

Comments from the literature

The principal bibliography identifies the main references supporting the programatic topics of the course. 

The complimentary  bibliography includes alternative titles, following different approaches to the topics. Clearly, the  Lectures on Physics by R.Feynman have to be highlighted due to the physics discussion and the math approach that it uses.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes of exposition and discussion of the topics covered, presenting examples for the understanding of the concepts, laws and calculation techniques.

 Theoretical-practical classes working in cooperative learning (group work), for discussion and resolution of exercises and problems.

TP class operation

Constitution of groups of 4 students, in charge of the teacher of the respective TP class, supported by the answers to a diagnostic test performed in the first class of problems; Important: Students may swap TP class in the first week of classes, with the permission of the “arrival class” teacher and the “departure class” teacher's knowledge.

From the second week inclusive, the teacher will deliver a problem to each group. Each group should solve the problem within 30 minutes and deliver it at the end of the TP class for evaluation.
The teacher will communicate the groups to be evaluated at the end of each TP class.

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Teste	75,00
Trabalho escrito	25,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	106,00
Frequência das aulas	49,00
Trabalho escrito	7,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Factors To attain frequency at Electromagnetism I:  

1. Presense in Problem solving lectures (TP).
   There will  be a presence record. Students exceding the limit of absences  (1/4 of given TP lectures) will be excluded from "frequencia".


2. Delivering class's problems.
   The non delivery of 2/3 of the problems implies loosing "frequência".

Those students that have obtained "frequência" in the scholar year of  2018/19 may request TP classes dismissal. The request should be made until the end of the week preceeding the 1st lecture, by e-mail to the Responsible Lecturer.

If given, the student will keep the classification given in the group work and self-peer components of 2018/19. Nevertheless,  students must attend the two envisaged tests.

 

Calculation formula of final grade

Evaluation considers an individual component [75%], and a group component [25%].

individual component

• two tests
• intercalar test [30%]: comprehending 3 problems picked from the list of problems to solve as homework. 
• final test[45%]: to be held at Normal Exam date, and including 5 problems.
• final exam, with a weight of 70% of 20 on the final mark.
• The approval at the individual component requires a global mark NC greater than 40%(minimum mark) of the component's maximum grade.
• In case failure, the student has the possibility of attending the exam at the "Exame de Recurso" date. This exam contributes to the 75% of the course final mark. 

• The individual component mark can be improved (85% of 20) by attending the final proof at Exame de Recurso.

Group Component:

• this component can not be improved
• the group written work produced at the TP classes will be assessed 4 times at random dates during the term.
• the performance of each group member is assessed at the end of term, and includes both self- and peers- evaluations. Each student will grade each group member with a mark in the range -1 and +1, under the condition that the sum of the given marks has to be zeroed.

The mark corresponding to the group work NG [0-20] is given to each element by averaging the marks from the three best results of the work groups in which he/she contributed.

The grade from self- and peer- assessment NAH is obtained from the average of all four marks each student has obtained in his/her group (-1 to +1)

The final group grade NFG is computed from the formula 

NFG= (NG+2xNAH) 


In this way, the NFG can translate into a bonification or a depreciation of the maximum group component grade, to a maximum of 2, in accordance with the performance shown by each students in the work group. 

Final grade formula

nota final = 0.75 x NC  + 0.25 x NFG
nota final = 0.85 x NC  + 0.15 x NFG


The nota final will be always majorated by the maximum possible grade of 20. 

Examinations or Special Assignments

does not apply

Internship work/project

does not apply

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

does not apply

Classification improvement

Improvement of the final grade (at "Recurso" and "Especial" exam periods) will only relate to the individual assessment component (intermediate + final tests).

Observations

The juri of the curricular unit comprehends:
- Carla Carmelo Rosa
- Ariel Guerreiro
- João Lima