Introduction to Topology
Keywords |
Classification |
Keyword |
OFICIAL |
Mathematics |
Instance: 2017/2018 - 1S 
Cycles of Study/Courses
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
To introduce the theory of metric and topological spaces; to show that metric spaces are more general than Euclidean spaces and that topological spaces are yet more general than metric spaces.
To introduce some topological invariants and to be able to distinguish spaces.
Learning outcomes and competences
To be able to understand that the concepts introduced in the first and second year analysis can be extended to more general spaces to prove some powerful results used in may parts of mathematics . To be able to understand the concept of topological invariant and its use to distinguish and classify spaces.
Working method
Presencial
Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)
Real Analysis I, II and III.
Program
Topological spaces: the topology on a space. Examples of topological spaces. The metric spaces. Comparison of topologies. Comparison of metrics. Equivalent metrics. Continuous functions. Continuity and convergence in metric spaces. Homeomorfismos. Supremum of a family of topologies. The topology generated by a collection of parts of a set X. Numerabilidade axioms.
Construction of topological spaces: Initial Topology. Subspaces.Embeddings. Initial topology for a family of maps. Product topology (Tychonoff) and the box topology. Characterization of the product topology. Final topology. Quotient spaces/identification Topology. Examples of quotient spaces. Final topology for a set of maps. Sum topology. Unions of locally finite families of closed sets.
Topological Properties, Invariants: Connected spaces. Path connecteness. Locally connected spaces and locally path connected spaces. Separation axioms. Spaces T0, T1, T2, regular, completely regular and normal. Compact spaces. Compacts in Euclidean Spaces. Sequentially compact spaces. Uniform continuity. Compact and normality. Tychonoff's theorem (demonstration in the finite case). Lebesgue number . Lebesgue's lemma. Locally compact spaces and regularity. Product of metric spaces. Compactifications. Complete metric spaces. Product of complete spaces; complete spaces and compactness.Corollaries and important applicayions.
Mandatory literature
Sutherland W. A.;
Introduction to metric and topological spaces. ISBN: 0-19-853161-3
Lima Elon Lages 1929-;
Espaços métricos. ISBN: 978-85-244-0158-9
Schubert Horst;
Topology. ISBN: 356-02077-0
Complementary Bibliography
Lima Elon Lages;
Elementos de topologia geral
Mendelson Bert;
Introduction to topology
Comments from the literature
The most important "bibliography" is what is given in the lectures.
Teaching methods and learning activities
Exposure of the program and resolution of exercises.
Resolution, by the students, of the proposed exercises and answering questions about the resolution of problems and proposed work.
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation with final exam
Assessment Components
designation |
Weight (%) |
Exame |
92,50 |
Participação presencial |
7,50 |
Total: |
100,00 |
Eligibility for exams
Terms of frequency: If the limit of absences is exceeded the student will not be admited access to examination, either in time or normal use (except for students exempted from frequency).
Calculation formula of final grade
Formula Evaluation: There wil be two components of assessment:
• Continuous Evaluation based on level of participation and performance in class (PP)
• Final written exam (EF)
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-
PP - Continuous Evaluation
EF - Final written exam
0,925*EF + 0,075*PP
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
According to the General Evaluation Rules.
Classification improvement
According to the General Evaluation Rules. The student can only improve the mark of the written exam.
Observations
Pre-requirements:
Real Analysis I, II and III.