Sedimentary Petrology and Pedology

Code:

GEOL2004

Acronym:

GEOL2004

Level:

200

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Geology

Instance: 2016/2017 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Geology

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:B	0	Official Study Plan	3	-	6	56	162
L:M	0	Official Study Plan	2	-	6	56	162
			3
L:Q	0	study plan from 2016/17	3	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To acquire basic and fundamental concepts of Earth internal and external dynamic processes, to understand their relationship and consequences.

Learning outcomes and competences, it is intended that students can:

- understand the sedimentary rocks in the context of the dynamics of the geological processes;

- describe and classify the sedimentary rocks;

- interpret the processes of weathering, transportation and deposition of the sedimentary materials forming the rocks;

- interpret the physico and chemical conditions of the environment at the time the sediments were deposited;

- recognize the diagenetic processes associated to the genesis of the sedimentary rocks;

- understand the genesis and evolution of soils;

- know the methods and techniques of soil classification;

- develop the skill of reading and interpreting soil maps.

Learning outcomes and competences

Identify and describe the sedimentary rocks and soils;

Understand the mechanisms associated with the genesis of sedimentary rocks and soils;

Use and interpret the petrographic data and relate them to geochemical and field data; 

Associate petrological characteristics with sedimentary environments.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1.Introduction
1.1. Objectives and definition of the Sedimentary Petrology
1.2. Sedimentary Petrology within Geosciences
1.3.Sediment and sedimentary rock definitions
1.4. Volume and relative abundance of sedimentary rocks
2. Sedimentary processes and products
2.1. Sedimentary rocks within rock cycle
2.2. Weathering: Physical and Chemical weathering; Factors that control the rate of weathering; Sedimentary differentiation versus pedologic differentiation; Its importance for the sedimentary rocks-forming and the concentration of elements; Weathering indices and the A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM diagrams
2.3. Mineralogical composition of the sedimentary rocks: Mineralogy of sedimentary rocks; Stable and unstable minerals; detritus and neoformed minerals
2.4. Physico-chemical factors that controls the sedimentation: Differential mobility ion behaviour; Ionic potential; pH; Eh; Eh-pH diagrams; Geochemistry of natural waters
3. Physical processes of sediment transport
3.1. Texture: Grain size: Udden-Wentworth classification; Sorting; Shape and roundness; Fabric, packing, porosity and permeability
3.2. Compositional maturity, its relationship with provenance
3.3. Textural maturity
3.4. Clastic transport and fluid flow
3.5. Transport and deposition of clasts
3.6. Sedimentary structures: a brief introduction
3.7. Experiments in physical sedimentology
4. Detrital sedimentary rocks
4.1. Conglomerates and Breccia
4.2. Sandstones
4.3. Mudrocks
5. Carbonate rocks
5.1. Carbonate geochemistry
5.2. Controls on carbonate deposition
5.3. Carbonate mineral chemistry
5.4. Limestones
5.5. Dolostones
6. Carbonaceous rocks
6.1. Coal as a rock
6.2. Dispersed organic matter (DOM)
6.3. Diagenetic process, coalification and the hydrocarbon generation
7. Other Sedimentary rocks: Chert and siliceous sediments; Evaporites; Iron-rich sedimentary rocks; Phosphorites

8. Pedology
8.1. The concepts of Pedology and soil;
8.2. Environmental and socio-economic importance of soil;
8.3. Factors of soil formation;
8.4. Soil horizons;
8.5. Soil profile;
8.6. Soil structure; Soil colour; Soil texture;
8.7. The FAO-UNESCO soil classification;
8.8. Soil maps.

Mandatory literature

Prothero, D.R. & Schwab, F., ; Sedimentary Geology: An introduction to sedimentary rocks and stratigraphy., W.H.Freeman and Company, 2004
Pettijohn, F.J., ; Sedimentary rocks, Harper & Row, Publishers, 1975
Carvalho, A.M.G., ; Geologia Sedimentar. Volume I – Sedimentogénese., Âncora Editora, 2003
Adams, A. E. & MacKenzie, W.S.; A colour atlas of carbonate sediments and rocks under the microscope, Masson, 1998
Adams, A. E., MacKenzie, W.S. & Guilford, C.; Atlas of sedimentary rocks under the microscope, Longman, Harlow, 1995
Vários; Soil Atlas of Europe, European Commission, 2005
Carter, M.R., Gregorich, E.G.; Soil sampling and methods of analysis, Lewis Publishers
FAO; Guidelines for Soil Description, FAO, 2006
FAO; World reference base for soil resources 2014, FAO, 2014

Complementary Bibliography

Tucker, M.E., ; Sedimentary Petrology. An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, Blackwell Sciences, 2001
Blatt, H., Middleton, G. & Murray, R.; Origin of sedimentary rocks, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972
Raymond, L.A.; Petrology: The Study of Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks, Part III, Wm. C Brown Publishers, 1995
Tucker, M.E.; Sedimentary Petrology. An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, Blackwell Sciences, 2001
Varennes, A.; Produtividade dos solos e ambiente, Editora Escolar, 2003

Teaching methods and learning activities

Presentation and discussion of the foreseen contents. Its practical application on the characterization and classification of the sedimentary rocks. As didactic resource will be used Powerpoint presentation which will be put on-line (http://elearning.fc.up.pt/aulasweb/) for the students use.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Exame	60,00
Participação presencial	0,00
Trabalho laboratorial	40,00
Total:	100,00

Eligibility for exams

The students have to attend at least 2/3 of the sessions.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final evaluation (60%) and practical exam (40%).