Waves and Continuous Media

Code:

F201

Acronym:

F201

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2016/2017 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Physics and Astronomy
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Physics

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:AST	1	Plano de Estudos a partir de 2008	2	-	7,5	-
L:F	53	Plano de estudos a partir de 2008	2	-	7,5	-
L:G	0	P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula anterior a 09/10	3	-	7,5	-
		P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula em 09/10	3	-	7,5	-
MI:EF	31	Plano de Estudos a partir de 2007	2	-	7,5	-

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Train ideas and methods of wave mechanics, elasticity and hydrodynamics. • Understand the linear coupling between oscillators, the basic of normal modes. • Understand the concept of wave, and their description and their applications in various areas of applied physics. • Perform Fourier analysis, as well as understand its importance in the study of linear waves. • Understand the result of overlapping waves and the phenomenon of interference and diffraction. • Understand the concepts of phase velocity and group velocity and the concept of dispersion. • Understand and describe the state of deformation and the stresses applied in isotropic elastic body, as well as relate the two. • Analyze simple problems of fluid dynamics and fluid balance. • Connecting to technology issues.

Learning outcomes and competences

Train ideas and methods of wave mechanics, elasticity and hydrodynamics. • Understand the linear coupling between oscillators, the basic of normal modes. • Understand the concept of wave, and their description and their applications in various areas of applied physics. • Perform Fourier analysis, as well as understand its importance in the study of linear waves. • Understand the result of overlapping waves and the phenomenon of interference and diffraction. • Understand the concepts of phase velocity and group velocity and the concept of dispersion. • Understand and describe the state of deformation and the stresses applied in isotropic elastic body, as well as relate the two. • Analyze simple problems of fluid dynamics and fluid balance. • Connecting to technology issues.

 

Working method

Presencial

Program

Vibrations A mechanical harmonic oscillator 1 1.1 Mechanical Energy of the harmonic oscillator 1.2 Superposition of two harmonic simple oscillations (1D). Phasors. 1.2.1 Simple oscillations of different frequencies; beats. 1.2.2 Overlap of two oscillations with the same simple frequency and orthogonal directions 1.3 Overlap of n (n>> 1) simple harmonic oscillators the same amplitude and phase differences of consecutive equal. 1.4 Overlap of n (n>> 1) simple harmonic oscillators equal amplitudes and random phases. 2. Harmonic oscillator with damping 2.1 Energy of the oscillator with damping 2.1.1 Quality factor, Q [I]. 3 Forced oscillations. 3.1 Energy associated with the applied force. 3.1.1 Curve absorption. 3.1.2 Quality factor, Q [II]. 3.2 Applications. Problem I. 4 Coupled oscillators. 4.1 Normal modes. 4.2 Fourier series and integral. 4.2.1 Simple example. 4.2.2 Fourier Series expressed in the complex variable. 4.2.3 Fourier Integral. 4.3 Applications. Problems II. Waves 5 Transverse waves on strings. 5.1 Kinetic energy and potential. 5.2 Characteristic impedance of a rope. 5.3 Discontinuity in a rope, changes in linear density. 5.3.1 Standing waves on strings of finite length. 5.3.2 Energy of each mode of vibration. 5.4 Group Velocity. 5.4.1 Group Velocity of a wave of n (n> 2) compo- sinusoidal components. 5.5 Waves in two dimensions. 6 Longitudinal waves in bars homogeneous and isotropic. 6.1 Equation of motion. 6.2 Energy of vibration modes. 6.3 Sound waves in a gas. 6.3.1 Characteristic impedance. 6.3.2 Kinetic energy and potential of the sound wave. 6.3.3 Intensity of the wave. 7 Electromagnetic waves. 7.1 Waves in a vacuum. 7.2 Intensity of electromagnetic wave. 7.3 Diffraction. 7.3.1 Diffraction by a single slit of width L. 7.3.2 Diffraction by N slits of width L and spacing d, L

Mandatory literature

José Machado da Silva; Ondas e Meios Contínuos, U.Porto editorial, 2013
Young Donald F. 070; Introduction to fluid mechanics. ISBN: 9780470902158
French A. P.; Vibrations and waves
Pain H. J.; The physics of vibrations and waves. ISBN: 0-471-99407-3
Main Iain G.; Vibrations and waves in physics. ISBN: 0-521-21662-1

Teaching methods and learning activities

Classroom teaching with lectures, practical and theoretical computational practices.

Distribution by SIGARRA of notes (lectures support); classes of problems  and examples of programming in Python for solving problems (computational support for practical lessons).

Software

Linguagem de programação Python

keywords

Physical sciences
Physical sciences > Physics > Classical mechanics > Fluid dynamics
Physical sciences

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Frequência das aulas	0,00
Total:	0,00

Eligibility for exams

Not exceedind the number of absences in TP and P classes corresponding to 25% of predicted classes and obtain a minimum of 7 "valores" in the evaluation of laboratory practical classes (maximum 20 "valores").

The evaluation of laboratory classes is obtained through a final exam to be held at the end of the semester.
Students who obtain a mark less than 7, can make a complementary exam.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final mark is obtained by adding the mark obtained in the laboratory pratical classes with the weight of 15% and the mark obtained in the final written exam (with a mandatory minimum of 7 "valores" for a maximum of 20 "valores") with a weight of 85%.