Genetic Resources
| Code: | B4040 | Acronym: | B4040 |
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Keyword |
| OFICIAL | Biology |
Instance: 2014/2015 - 2S
| Active? | No |
| Responsible unit: | Department of Biology |
| Course/CS Responsible: | Master in Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution |
Cycles of Study/Courses
| Acronym | No. of Students | Study Plan | Curricular Years | Credits UCN | Credits ECTS | Contact hours | Total Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M:BGE | 0 | Official Study Plan | 1 | - | 3 | 21 | 81 |
Teaching language
Suitable for English-speaking studentsObjectives
This course aims to:
− To provide general knowledge of the various theories about the origin and evolution of the domestic species, and identify and describe the major centers of origin of agriculture. Describe the major biological impacts of the domestication process in the behavior and morphology of the domestic species genomes. Students will be confronted with the results of recent studies on the origin and domestication and the different interpretations that the various knowledge areas proposed for understanding this process . It is intended that students understand not only the theoretical concepts on this topic, but also its implications on ecosystems, landscape and history and cultural diversity and agricultural world .
− To introduce and discuss the concept of sustainable agriculture their benefits and weaknesses. Present the EU policy for "environmental friendly agricultural practices" in food safety and public health of the European Union. agricultural practices. The connection to the maintenance of the various economic activities that traditionally constitute the agricultural production and its social and environmental impact. It is also intended that students can recognize the implications of the "environmental friendly agricultural practices" in food safety and public health of the European Union .
− To introduce the concepts and techniques of biotechnology that are the basis of modern agricultural production. Description of the different conservation techniques and main differences in the conservation of crops, livestock, microorganisms and/or invertebrates. It is intended that students understand the main threat to the conservation of the agrobiodiversity and the scale used to classify the different populations in terms of the degree of threat. Students should obtain sufficient knowledge to enable them to realize the difference between landraces, commercial and cosmopolitan varieties.
− To introduce the progress on the areas of genomics of the major species of domestic animals and plants. The application of theories and concepts from population genetics in the management and conservation of genetic resources. About this matter it will be provided a broad explanation on genetic association studies, new techniques for genomic data minning and its application in conservation programs and breeding. Concepts of population and quantitative genetics will be discussed and explained.
− Demonstrate the use of genetic data to estimate intrapopulation diversity and the contribution of a variety to the pool of genetic diversity in acertain same species. The theoretical basis on the population genetics estimators will be explained applied to categorize the different subpopulations in terms of conservation priority ranking.
The objectives of the course are obtained when later during the professional course of the students, they are able to take into account, in a scientifically substantiated, that the agrobiodiversity equaly contributes to the preservation of the ecosystems and global biodiversity .
Learning outcomes and competences
This course is divided in two components. One consists of the exposition of the theoretical concepts of each point of the program. And another, the preparation and presentation of an individual or group work, whose topics will be distributed at the end of each program chapter. At the end of each chapter different topics (e.g., scientific articles, reports) will be offered to the students. The students must choose one of them, and prepare a small bibliographic research. Eventually, some students will have to present some of these works orally.
Working method
PresencialPre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)
During this course it will be discussed several statistical parameters and concepts commonly used in population genetics, which are assumed to be previously acquired by the students.
Program
I. Definition of Genetic Resources
I.1 Main Components
I.2 Concept Agronomic Breed, Variety, Lineage, Assession
I.3 Centers of Origin, Neolithic Revolution and Expansion
I.4 Domestication and Population Differentiation of Species Home
II. Agrobiodiversity and Good Agricultural Practices
II.1 Europe and the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity
II.2 Agricultural Biodiversity and Conservation
II.3 The Portuguese Genetic Resources and Its Relation to the Environment and the Economy
III. Major Threats to Agrobiodiversity
III.1 Local Varieties Varieties versus Cosmopolitans
III.2 Key institutions responsible for of Local Varieties
III.3 Risk Categories
IV. Biotechnology and Conservation
IV.1 Programs and Conservation Methods
IV.2 Genebank
V. Molecular Genetics, Breeding and Conservation
V.1 Molecular Markers and Its Application
V.2 Pedigree Management of Local Varieties
V.3 Food Traceability and Assurance
V.4 Diversity Management intrapopulational
Mandatory literature
Beja-Pereira A. and Ferrand N.; Genética, Biotecnologia e Agricultura., Sociedade Portuguesa de Inovação, Lisboa., 2005 (in portuguese)Fernández J, Villanueva B, Pong-Wong R, Toro MA. ; Efficiency of the use of pedigree and molecular marker information in conservation programs. Genetics 170:1313-1321., 2005
Fernández J, Toro MA, Caballero A.; Management of subdivided populations in conservation programs: development of a novel dynamic system. Genetics 179:683-692. , 2008
Lacy RC; Extending pedigree analysis for uncertain parentage and diverse breeding systems. Journal of Heredity 103:197-205., 2012
Lidder P and Sonnino A; biotechnologies for the management of genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome., FAO - UNEP, 2011
Ollivier, L, Foulley, J-L; Aggregate diversity: New approach combining within- and between-breed genetic diversity.Livestock Production Science, 95:247–254 , 2005
Oldenbroek K (ed.); Utilization and conservation of farm animal genetic resources. , Wageningen Academic Publishers., 2007
Pérez-Figueroa, A., Saura, M. Fernández, J., Toro, M. A. and Caballero, A.; METAPOP—A software for the management and analysis of subdivided populations in conservation programs. Conservation Genetics 10: 1097-1099. , 2009
Ruane J and Sonnino A (eds.) ; The role of biotechnology in exploring and protecting agricultural genetic resources. , Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome , 2006
Zeder, MA, Decker-Walters, D, Bradley, D and Smith, BD (eds.); Documenting Domestication: New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms. , California University Press., 2006
Teaching methods and learning activities
The program of this course is intended not only for students abreast of theoretical concepts and technical nomenclature commonly used in the area of genetic resources. But also want them to be able to articulate these theoretical knowledge with its application and decision-making, for which they may be called upon to perform in the course of their future professional experience.
This course is based on five major theoretical chapters. At the end of each chapter, will be placed to discussion, several case studies representative the chaper. Each student must choose one, to analyze and discuss (10 min.), with proper scientific reasoning, on the day immediately following. The distribution of a scientific article is intended to serve as a starting point for a literature search, which must be short, and to serve as a support to the arguments to be presented the next day by the student to the other colleagues. This process aims to (i) promote the capacity for analysis and synthesis of the scientific and technical arguments for each student , (ii) promote the exchange of ideas between students solidifying the newly acquired knowledge , and (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of the lectures. This will be obtainned by the ratio between the information transmitted by the lecturer and the information retained by the student which is used, by the student, to discuss the chosen theme.
Although for didactic reasons, the theoretical program is structured in five chapters, about which it is assumed that students already have prior knowledge about the basics of population genetics , ecology , biostatistics and phylogeography , due to the multidisciplinary nature of the topic , some of fundamentals will be briefly reviewed whenever well justified.
The students are advised to consult the recommended literature before starting the course in order to review some concepts. If there are substantial doubts, preventing the understanding of this course topic, more information about each of the topics will be provided.
keywords
Natural sciences > Biological sciences > Biodiversity > Exploração sustentávelNatural sciences > Biological sciences > Biology > Genetics
Natural sciences > Biological sciences > Biodiversity > Biodiversity characterisation
Natural sciences > Agrarian Sciences
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation without final examAssessment Components
| designation | Weight (%) |
|---|---|
| Participação presencial | 50,00 |
| Trabalho escrito | 50,00 |
| Total: | 100,00 |
Amount of time allocated to each course unit
| designation | Time (hours) |
|---|---|
| Estudo autónomo | 25,00 |
| Frequência das aulas | 25,00 |
| Trabalho de investigação | 50,00 |
| Total: | 100,00 |
Eligibility for exams
The class attendance is not mandatory but attendance has a weight of 5 points (out of 20) in the final grade.
Students excused from fulfilling attendance (student-worker status) will be assessed through a written examination.
Calculation formula of final grade
25% Frequency and attendance.
25% Intervation and participation during the classes.
50% Homework (obtained in 4 works).
Examinations or Special Assignments
Not necessary.
Internship work/project
Not necessary.
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
Written Exame.
Classification improvement
Written Exame.
Observations
Beja-Pereira A. and Ferrand N. (2005) Genética, Biotecnologia e Agricultura. Sociedade Portuguesa de Inovação, Lisboa.
Fernández J, Villanueva B, Pong-Wong R, Toro MA. (2005). Efficiency of the use of pedigree and molecular marker information in conservation programs. Genetics 170:1313-1321.
Fernández J, Toro MA, Caballero A. (2008). Management of subdivided populations in conservation programs: development of a novel dynamic system. Genetics 179:683-692.
Lacy RC (2012) Extending pedigree analysis for uncertain parentage and diverse breeding systems. Journal of Heredity 103:197-205.
Lidder P and Sonnino A (2011) biotechnologies for the management of genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Ollivier, L, Foulley, J-L (2005). Aggregate diversity: New approach combining within- and between-breed genetic diversity.Livestock Production Science, 95:247–254
Oldenbroek K (ed.)(2007). Utilization and conservation of farm animal genetic resources. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Pérez-Figueroa, A., Saura, M. Fernández, J., Toro, M. A. and Caballero, A. (2009) METAPOP—A software for the management and analysis of subdivided populations in conservation programs. Conservation Genetics 10: 1097-1099.
Ruane J and Sonnino A (eds.) (2006) The role of biotechnology in exploring and protecting agricultural genetic resources. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome
Zeder, MA, Decker-Walters, D, Bradley, D and Smith, BD (eds.) (2006). Documenting Domestication: New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms. California University Press.
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