Stratigraphy and Paleontology

Code:

G212

Acronym:

G212

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Geology

Instance: 2010/2011 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/ficha_disciplina.editar?p_cad_codigo=G212&p_periodo=1S&p_ano_lectivo=2010/2011
Responsible unit:	Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Geology

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:AST	0	Plano de Estudos a partir de 2008	3	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:B	12	Plano de estudos a partir de 2008	3	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:CC	0	Plano de estudos de 2008 até 2013/14	3	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:F	0	Plano de estudos a partir de 2008	3	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:G	33	P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula anterior a 09/10	2	-	7,5	-	202,5
		P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula em 09/10	2	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:M	1	Plano de estudos a partir de 2009	3	-	7,5	-	202,5
L:Q	0	Plano de estudos Oficial	3	-	7,5	-	202,5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

By the learning of fundaments and principles of Stratigraphy concerning either classical and modern methods (facies analisys, tectonosedimentary analysis and sequence analysis), and related with physical, chemical and biological characteristics of environments from depositional systems related with the geological setting, one should be able in understand, interpretation and construction on sedimentary models in good relation with spatial and temporal architecture of the strata as well as the main variations along the geological time and settings.
Concerning Palaeontology three essential themes are concerned. In the General Palaeontology acquisition of basic concepts about Palaeontology namely methods and techniques, applications, relation with Stratigraphy and Geological History and Evolution and systematic palaeontology. The other themes concerns Paleozoology and Paleobotanic and aims to teach students how to identify some fossils fundamental to stratigraphic studies , understand their importance in the establishment of biozones, stratigraphic correlations, sedimentary environments interpretation and life evolution.

Program

CSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS AND STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS. Classical methods Stratigraphic codes and stratigraphic unitsIntroduction. Lithostratigraphy. Lithodemic units. Biostratigraphy. Chronostratigraphy. Geochronology. Magnetostratigraphy. Other stratigraphic units. Geological time table. Stratigraphic correlation. Lithological methods. Chronostratigraphical methods. Geochronological methods. Ciclostratigraphical methods. Introduction on palaeoclimacteric methods; climacteric interpretation from the stratigraphic record. Modern methods. Facies models and analysis. Conceptual model sedimentary process/products. Sedimentary record and sedimentary structures. Sedimentar facies, and related association and sequence. Sequence and tectonosedimentar stratigraphy. SEDIMENTARY BASINS GENESIS AND EVOLUTIONIntroductionLithospheric distension. Rift basins. Aulacogens. Passive margins. Intracratonic subsidence. Convergent margins. Continental drift and collision. Strike-slip basins. Pull-apart basins. Foreland basins DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMSTerrestrial environmentsFluvial systemsMeandering typeBraided typeAlluvial fan systemsEolian systems Lacustrine systemsGlacial systems Coastal environments. Evaporitic sediments systems Deltaic systems Estuarine systemsLitoral systems Hydraulic conditions Wave areaIsland barriersTidal flatsSiliciclastic platform systemsCarbonate systemsIntroduction Carbonate platformsPlatform-lagoon systemOpen platform system Sedimentological and stratigraphic record in the carbonate platforms. Reefs. Carbonate sedimentation in the continental slopeDeep siliciclastic basins (turbiditic sedimentation s.l.).Pelagic systems
GENERAL PALAEONTOLOGY. Introduction.
Concept of fossil; Aims of Palaeontology; Applications of Palaeontology; Methods and techniques of Palaeontological studies.History of Palaeontology. Fossilization. Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Geohistory relationships. Palaeontologycal systematic. PALAEOZOOLOGY. Graptolites -
Morphologic study; Evolutionary trends; Palaeocology; Study techniques; Systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution. Arthropods - Trilobites
Morphologic study; Evolutionary trends; Ecdysis and ontogeny; Palaeocology; Ichnofossils related to trilobites; Study techniques; Systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution.
3. Brachiopods
- Morphologic study; Evolutionary trends; Study techniques; Systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution.
4. Cephalopods - Morphologic study; Evolutionary trends; Study techniques; Systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution.
5. Reptilian, Dinosaur- Morphologic study; Evolutionary trends; Study techniques; Systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution.
CHAPTER VII. PALAEOBOTANIC.
Early vascular plants; Prephanerogam; Gymnosperms.
Morphologic and systematic study; Stratigraphic and geographic distribution; Floral provinces; Fossil plants from Portugal


 EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH
1. Origin and evolution of life.
1.1. Life in the Precambrian.
From the origin of life to the first multicellular forms of life. Gunflint Formation. The Ediacaran fauna.
1. 2. Life in the Paleozoic Era.
Cambrian explosion of life. The fauna of the Burgess. Appearance of the first vertebrates. The conquest of the continents.
1.3. Life in the Mesozoic Era.
The expansion of reptiles. The conquest of the air environment.
1.4. Life in the Cenozoic Era.
The radiation of the mammals. The origin of Man.
2. The major biological crises and mass extinctions.
2.1. Biotic events in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Transition
2.2. Biotic events in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
2.3. The extinctions at the end of the Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian and Triassic.
3. Causes of extinctions.



Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	84,00
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

Theoretical and practical final examination.
In a total scale of 20 degrees: theoretical - 16 and Practical - 4

Observations

BIBLIOGRAFIA
Ausich W. I. & Lane, N. G., 1999. Life of the Past. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 321pp.

Allen, P.A. & Allen, J.R., 1990. Basin Analysis. Principles and Applications. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Babin, C., 1991. Principes de Paléontologie. Armand Colin. Paris. 449pp.

Collinson, J.D. & Thompson, D.B., 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin Publications. London.
Doyle, P., 1998. Understanding Fossils. An introdution to Invertebrate Paleontology. Wiley. 409pp.

Emberger, L. 1968. Les plantes fossiles dans leurs rapports avec les végétaux vivants. (Éléments de Paléobotaniqueet de Morphologie Comparé). 2ª Ed. Paris. Masson.


Fritz, W.J. & Moore, J.N., s.d. Exercises in Physical Stratigraphy and Sedimentology. 221pp. John Willey & Sons. New York.

Miall, A.D., 1984. Principles of sedimentary basin analysis. Springer-Verlag. New York.
Moore, R., 1955/1972. Treatise on invertebrate Paleontology. New York (N. Y.). Geological Society of America, The University of Kansas.

Mutti, E., 1985. Turbidite systems and their relation to depositional sequences. In: Provenance of Arenites. G. Zuffa (Ed.). Reidel Publishing Company.

Oliveira, J.T., 1984. Sedimentação clástica profunda: turbiditos, flysch e sedimentos
associados. Geonovas, 6: 47-67.

Oliveira, J.T., 1985. Estratigrafia, sedimentologia e estrutura do Flysch da Formação de
Mértola, na região de Mértola. Comum. Serv. Geol. Portg. Lisboa.

Piveteau J. ,1952/1969. Traité de Paléontologie. 7T. Paris. Masson.

Prothero, D.R., 1990. Interpreting the stratigraphic record. 410pp. W.H. Freeman & Company. New York.

Reading, H.G., 1986. Sedimentary environment and facies. Blackwell Scientific
Publications.

Reineck, H.E. & Singh, I.B., 1973. Depositional Sedimentary environments. Springer-
Verlag. Berlin.

Torres, J.A. V., 1994. Estratigrafia. Principios y Métodos. 806pp. Editorial Rueda.
Madrid.

Walker, R.G-, 1984. Facies models. 317pp. 2sd Ed. Geoscience Canada.