Crystallography and Mineralogy

Code:

G101

Acronym:

G101

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Geology

Instance: 2013/2014 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Geology

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:G	50	P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula anterior a 09/10	1	-	5	-
		P.E - estudantes com 1ª matricula em 09/10	1	-	5	-

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Acquisition of knowledge that enable the identification of symmetry operations occurring in crystalline matter; Acquisition of knowledge allowing the stereographic projection of crystallographic models; Acquisition of knowledge and methodologies for the characterization of macroscopic properties and physico-mechanical properties of minerals and identification of expeditiously, minerals.

Learning outcomes and competences

The fundamental purpose of learning is the acquisition of knowledge that enable the identification of symmetry operations occurring in the crystalline matter and knowledge that enable the characterization and the stereographic projection of crystallographic models. Another key objective is the acquisition of knowledge and methodologies to characterize the physical properties of minerals and identification of minerals in an expeditious manner.

Working method

Presencial

Program

I. Introduction. The physical state of matter. Structural types of material. Notion crystal. Objectives and divisions of crystallography. II. Fundamental laws of crystallography Law of constancy of dihedral angles. Law of rational indices. Arithmetic and geometric expression of the Law of rationality of indices. III. Symmetry Definition of symmetry. Study of different symmetry operations and their operators. Operations of 1st and 2nd order. Figures congruent and enantiomórficas. Interdependence of symmetry operators. Space groups and point groups of symmetry. IV. Cristaloquímica Forces bonding in minerals. The principle of ion and coordinating ionic radii ratio. The empirical rules of Pauling and Goldschmidt. Coordination polyhedra. Isomorphism, solid solution, polymorphism. Variation in the chemical composition of minerals. Derivation of formula cristaloquímica from the chemical composition of a mineral. Examples: micas. V. Radiocristalografia Principles fundamental equations of Laue. Bragg's Law. A crystal diffraction. Lorentz factor. Method Debye-Scherer. Calculation of Bragg angles. Reading a diffractogram. VI. Mineralogy descriptive rating of Dana and Strunz mineralogical. Mineral paragenesis, Mineralogical Association. A descriptive study of different kinds of minerals: Native Elements. Sulfossais and sulfides. Oxides and hydroxides. Carbonates and borates. Silicates. Practical content: 1. Operations and operators of symmetry. 2nd. Knits. Crystal systems. Stereographic projection. 3rd. X-ray diffraction: Applications. 3rd. Macroscopic physical properties and minerals. Study of minerals: 3.1. Class of Nuggets, 3.2. Sulphides class of 3.3. Oxides class of 3.4. Class of Silicates

Mandatory literature

Borges Frederico Sodré; Elementos de cristalografia
Dana James Dwight 1813-1895; Manual de mineralogía
Hurlbut Cornelius S. 1906- 675; Dana.s manual of mineralogy
Klein Cornelis 1937-; Manual of mineralogy. ISBN: 0-471-57452-X
Dana James Dwight; A^system of mineralogy

Teaching methods and learning activities

The topics will be available in Powerpoint format and then spreading to students (SIGARRA).

keywords

Natural sciences
Technological sciences

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Exame	60,00
Trabalho laboratorial	40,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Trabalho laboratorial	28,00
Total:	28,00

Eligibility for exams

Conditions for obtaining frequency: Who has completed the minimum number of practical classes according to the FCUP Regulation.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final grade will be the sum of the marks obtained in the both exames, one theoretical and one practical counted as follows: 60% quoted THEORY EXAM and 40% quoted Practical Exam.

Pratical Exam: identification and characterization of the physical properties of minerals (Weight: 40%).