Electromagnetism

Code:

EF102

Acronym:

EF102

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences

Instance: 2011/2012 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Physics and Astronomy
Course/CS Responsible:	First Degree in Engineering Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:CE	30	PE2007- Perfil Engenharia Geográfica	2	-	7,5	-
		PE2007- Perfil Engenharia Electrotécnica	2	-	7,5	-

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

. Learn the basics of Electromagnetism
. Derive and present the laws and methods of Electromagnetism under a phenomenological perspective
. Establish links and parallels between Electromagnetism and Mechanics, using concepts such as force and energy
. Emphasize the relevance of the concept of field in the formulation of the laws of Electromagnetism, as an entity responsible for the mediation of physical interactions
. Apply, in the context of Electromagnetism, the concepts and methods of Vector Analysis and Integral Calculus in space
. Present and describe relevant applications of Electromagnetism in Science and Technology

Program

1. Introduction
2. Electrostatics in vacuum
Electrisation, charges and conservation of electrical charge; conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Coulomb force and linear superposition. Electric field of point charge. Electric field lines. Electric dipole. Movement of electrically charged particles in electric fields. Action of electric field on a dipole.
Continuous distributions of electric charge, density of charge; examples of electric fields created by continuous charge distributions. The -2 exponent of Coulomb’s law. Gauss’ law of the electric field in integral form; application examples. Electric field on a charged surface. Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium.
3. Electric potential and potential energy
Electric energy and field potential of a point charge. Conservative behaviour of the electrostatic field; the field-potential relationship. Potential of a system of point charges and of continuous charge distributions; electric dipole potential; examples. Constant potential surfaces and field lines. Electric potential energy of a system of point charges.
4. Capacity, capacitors and dielectrics
System of charged conductors and the concept of capacity; capacity calculation examples. Dielectric materials and polarization. Dielectric in a parallel plates capacitor; polarization charge densities. Electric field inside and outside a dielectric, electric susceptibility. Integral form of Gauss’ law with dielectrics. Charge storage in a parallel plates’ capacitor, in vacuum and with a dielectric. Energy density of the electric field in vacuum and in a dielectric. Relative displacement between the parallel plates of a capacitor, charged and isolated or connected to the voltage source; electrostatic pressure. Capacitors in series and parallel associations.
5. Stationary electric current
Charge carriers, electric current intensity, current density. Conduction in metals; electrical conductivity of metals. Ohm’s law. Electric resistance; examples. Joule’s law. Continuity equation of the electric charge. Electromotive force of a generator; internal resistance of non-ideal generator. Resistors in series and parallel associations. Constant current circuits. Kirchhoff’s laws; examples. RC circuit. Charge and discharge of a capacitor; energy supplied by the source, energy dissipated in the resistor, and electric energy in the capacitor. Ammeter and voltmeter.
6. Magnetostatic field in vacuum, magnetic force
Magnetic force on a moving point charge, and on an electric current element. Movement of charged particles in static electric and magnetic fields; examples. Force and force moment of magnetic fields on current loops; magnetic moment and magnetic dipole. d’Arsonval’s galvanometer.
7. Stationary electric current and magnetic field in vacuum
Magnetic field of a moving point charge; magnetic force between moving charges. Magnetic field of an electric current distribution; Biot and Savart’s law; examples; dipole field. Axial field of a solenoid. The definition of ampère (SI). Integral form of magnetic Gauss’ law; magnetic field lines. Integral form of Ampère’s law; examples.
8. Magnetic induction
Faraday’s law, integral form. Electromotive force due to time variable fields and due to displacement in space. Lenz’s law. Electromotive force and induced current: examples. Operation of generator and motor. Concepts of self- and mutual inductance. RL circuit. Magnetic energy; magnetic energy density. Non-stationary fields, magnetic induction and electric induction; charge conservation and displacement current. Maxwell’s equations of non-stationary fields in vacuum.
9. Magnetism in the matter
Magnetization, and magnetization current densities. Magnetic susceptibility. Paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and diamagnetism.

Mandatory literature

P. A. Tipler; Physics for scientists and engineers, Worth Publishers, 1991
R. Blum, D. E. Roller; Physics, 2nd Vol., Holden-Day, 1982
E. M. Purcell; Electricity and Magnetism, McGraw-Hill, 1965
M Alonso and E. J. Finn; Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1996
Introduction to Electrodynamics; D. J. Griffiths, Prentice-Hall, 1999
J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford, R. W. Christy; Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, Addison-Wesley, 1993
P. Lorrain, D. Corson, F. Lorrain; Campos e ondas electromagnéticas, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2000
R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands; The Feynmam Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1964

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures used to present and discuss the referred topics, using examples to help understanding concepts, laws and calculation techniques. Problem classes used to solve problems and exercises. Computer practice classes used to learn the solution of simple problems using Python code.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	68,60
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

1. Compulsory attendance of problem classes and computation classes (TP, PC). Attendance will be registered in TP and PC classes. Students who exceed the absence limit (1/4 of the planned TP and PC sessions) will be excluded from examination. [PC: 3 sessions 2 hours each = 6 hours per class].
2.Students who have effectively attended the course in the precedent academic year (i.e., those who achieved the “accepted for examination” status by really attending the TP and PC sessions in 2010-11) can be exempt from attending these classes in the current year. However, they are not exempt from sitting for the distributed components of the evaluation. Exemption from TP or PC classes must be applied for in the beginning of the semester (week starting at February 27), by registering in a "special class" at the DFA services.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final evaluation is achieved as follows (0 - 20 grade):
1. final examination (0 - 14 points)
2. short - papers (0 - 6 points)

- 3 short papers will be given in TP classes, in weeks spread along the semester.
- In the final examination paper, students must achieve a minimum score of 7 (in the 0 - 20 scale). In this paper, questions on topics discussed in the PC classes will be included.

Classification improvement

Improvement of the final grade (at all exam periods) will respect only to the part corresponding to the final examination paper.