Data Acquisition Filtering Focused on Optimizing Transmission in a LoRaWAN Network Applied to the WSN Forest Monitoring System

• Tipo: Artigo em Revista Científica Internacional
• Data: 2023

Autores

Brito, T (Autor) Outra; Azevedo, BF (Autor) Outra; Mendes, J (Autor) Outra; Zorawski, M (Autor) Outra; Fernandes, FP (Autor) Outra; Pereira, AI (Autor) Outra; Rufino, J (Autor) Outra; Lima, J (Autor) Outra; Paulo Gomes da Costa (Autor) FEUP

Revista

Título: Sensors

Vol. 23

Página Final: 1282

ISSN: 1424-3210

Editora: MDPI

Indexação

ISI Web of Knowledge - 2 Citações

Scopus - 5 Citações

Outras Informações

ID Authenticus: P-00X-SVM

DOI: 10.3390/s23031282

Abstract (EN): Developing innovative systems and operations to monitor forests and send alerts in dangerous situations, such as fires, has become, over the years, a necessary task to protect forests. In this work, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is employed for forest data acquisition to identify abrupt anomalies when a fire ignition starts. Even though a low-power LoRaWAN network is used, each module still needs to save power as much as possible to avoid periodic maintenance since a current consumption peak happens while sending messages. Moreover, considering the LoRaWAN characteristics, each module should use the bandwidth only when essential. Therefore, four algorithms were tested and calibrated along real and monitored events of a wildfire. The first algorithm is based on the Exponential Smoothing method, Moving Averages techniques are used to define the other two algorithms, and the fourth uses the Least Mean Square. When properly combined, the algorithms can perform a pre-filtering data acquisition before each module uses the LoRaWAN network and, consequently, save energy if there is no necessity to send data. After the validations, using Wildfire Simulation Events (WSE), the developed filter achieves an accuracy rate of 0.73 with 0.5 possible false alerts. These rates do not represent a final warning to firefighters, and a possible improvement can be achieved through cloud-based server algorithms. By comparing the current consumption before and after the proposed implementation, the modules can save almost 53% of their batteries when is no demand to send data. At the same time, the modules can maintain the server informed with a minimum interval of 15 min and recognize abrupt changes in 60 s when fire ignition appears.

Idioma: Inglês

Tipo (Avaliação Docente): Científica

Nº de páginas: 27