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The role of Airbnb creating a “new-old” city centre: facts, problems and controversies in Porto

Title
The role of Airbnb creating a “new-old” city centre: facts, problems and controversies in Porto
Type
Article in International Scientific Journal
Year
2019
Authors
Chamusca, Pedro
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Fernandes, José Alberto Rio
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Carvalho, Luís
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Mendes, Thiago
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Journal
Vol. 83 No. 2820
Pages: 1-29
ISSN: 0212-9426
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Authenticus ID: P-00R-G6D
Resumo (PT): ES: El crecimiento del turismo urbano, favorecido por plataformas como Airbnb, está cambiando drásticamente las ciudades. En toda Europa, los gobiernos locales se han enfrentado al crecimiento descontrolado de la llamada economía colaborativa y han desarrollado diferentes enfoques reglamentarios: una prohibición total; laissez-faire; y la limitación. Tomamos Porto como un caso-estudio, teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento significativo del turismo, de la Airbnb y de los usuarios flotantes en los últimos dos años de la ciudad. Utilizamos diferentes tipos de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos (a saber, la base de datos oficial de Airdna) para analizar los principales cambios urbanos, el papel de Airbnb y el contexto de gobernanza. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el crecimiento de los usuarios flotantes de la ciudad, estimulado por Airbnb, parece ser el principal impulsor del cambio. Todavía, en Porto, la narrativa global de economía colaborativa y democratización del turismo de Airbnb resulta errónea, ya que su dinámica está más o menos relacionada con el crecimiento de la economía hotelera, los anfitriones profesionales y las concentraciones de renda y masificación. En este contexto, además de laissez-faire, las preocupaciones de sostenibilidad urbana exigen enfoques regulatorios más inteligentes asociados con visiones más ampliamente compartidas, y objetivos claros a corto, medio y largo plazo.
Abstract (EN): Urban tourism growth, favoured by short term rental platforms like Airbnb, is changing the cities dramatically. All over Europe local governments have been facing unbridled growth of the so-called sharing economy and developed different regulatory approaches: full prohibition; laissez-faire; and different sorts of limitations. We take Porto as a case-study, considering the exponential growth of tourism, Airbnb and floating city users over the past decade. We make use of qualitative and quantitative methods and draw on the official AirDNA database to analyse the relation between Airbnb and urban transformation, and the governance context. We conclude that the growth of floating city-users –stimulated by Airbnb– has been the main driver of urban change. The case of Porto –which in many ways illustrates the fast growth of short-term, rental-driven urban tourism in southern Europe– demonstrates that Airbnb’s global corporate narrative around property sharing, micro-entrepreneurship and tourism democratization hardly fits the urban reality of host professionalization, income concentration and growing massification. In this context, besides laissez-faire, urban sustainability concerns call for smarter regulatory approaches associated with more widely shared visions, and clear short, medium and long-term objectives.
Language: English
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
Documents
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2820-Texto del artículo-4338-1-10-20191201 1193.21 KB
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