Termodynamics

Code:

EQ223

Acronym:

EQ223

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Engineering Sciences

Instance: 2012/2013 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Course/CS Responsible:	First Degree in Engineering Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L:CE	23	PE2007- Perfil Engenharia Alimentar	2	-	5	-

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students

Objectives

The aim of this course is to teach students some fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, its laws, implications and basic applications, using the appropriate mathematical formalism and according to a global perspective from physical chemistry.

Learning outcomes and competences

At end of the course, the student should have acquired the following competences:

i) to be able to understand the key theoretical concepts, laws and equations of thermodynamics;

ii) to interrelate the concepts and apply them directly in solving quantitative problems;

iii) to be able to participate actively in the discussion and solving of problems;

iv) to understand the relevance and importance of thermodynamics in the rationalization of chemical and biological phenomena and practical applications.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS

  1.1 Definition and objectives of Thermodynamics; brief historical perspective.

  Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics 1.2. Chemical Thermodynamics.

  1.3 Introductory concepts: systems, states, processes and equilibrium.

  1.4 Equation of state of ideal gases; equation for real gases and van der Waals equation.

 

2.  TEMPERATURE AND ZEROth LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  2.1 Concept of temperature.

  2.2 Isotherms and equations of state.

  2.3 Thermometry – fundamentals.

 

3. ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  3.1 Introduction: state functions and path; exact and inexact differentials.

  3.2 Work, heat and internal energy.

  3.3 First Law – statements.

  3.4 Enthalpy function.

  3.5 Heat capacities.

  3.6 Heat coefficients.

  3.7 Heat capacities of solids, liquids and gases.

  3.8 Joule and Joule-Thomson Experiments.

  3.9 Adiabatic Processes.

  3.10 Enthalpy Changes.

  3.11 Thermochemistry and its applications.

 

4. ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  4.1 Introduction.

  4.2 Concept of entropy: classical and statistical definition.

  4.3 Second Law – statements.

  4.4 Calculations of entropy change for different processes.

  4.5 Criterion for spontaneous processes and equilibrium.

  4.6 Gibbs Energy and Helmholtz energy.

  4.7 Relations for thermodynamic equilibrium systems. Gibbs equations.

 

5. APPLICATIONS OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  5.1 Potential and thermodynamic Maxwell relations.

  5.2 Calculations involving  Gibbs energy.

  5.3 Partial molar quantities.

  5.4 Chemical potential.

  5.5 Fundamental equation of Thermodynamics.

  5.6 Gibbs-Duhem equation.

  5.7 Condition for phase equilibrium.

  5.8 Condition for reaction (chemical) equilibrium.

 

6. ABSOLUTE ENTROPY AND THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  6.1 Third Law and absolute entropy.

  6.2 Calculations of entropy change.

  6.3 Calculations of absolute entropy.

Mandatory literature

Edmundo Gomes de Azevedo; Termodinâmica Aplicada. ISBN: 9789725921173

Teaching methods and learning activities

The teaching will consist of lectures and in problem-solving classes, in which problems are solved and discussed either by the teacher or by different groups of students (oral presentation).

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Thermodynamics
Physical sciences > Chemistry > Physical chemistry

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	72,00	20,00
Exam	Exame	44,00	80,00
	Total:	-	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
Attendance	Frequência das aulas	56
Autonomous study	Estudo autónomo	56
	Total:	112,00

Calculation formula of final grade

The assessment will be distributed as follows:

 

i) Continuous assessment

The final grade (NF) is calculated using the grades of two tests, N (T1) and N (T2) to be held during the school year (in school hours), and the grade given to problem presentations, N (RP), in practical classes, according to:

 

NF = 0.40 x N (T1) + 0.40 x N (T2) + 0.20 x RP

 

Students who obtain NF ≥ 10 are approved and are exempted from the final examination.

 

ii) Continuous assessment with final exam

 

NF = 0.80 x N (E) x RP + 0.20

 

Students who have not obtained approval during the semester may carry out an examination (normal period), for only part T1 or T2, or both, if they so wish.

 

The recourse exam is a single assessement event (without T1 or T2 parts).

 

Observations

Bibliography

- Julio Guemez, Carlos Fiolhais, Manuel Fiolhais, "Fundamentos de Termodinâmica do Equilíbrio", Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 1998.

- Edmundo Gomes de Azevedo, "Termodinâmica Aplicada", Escolar Editora, Lisboa, 2011. 

- Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, "Physical Chemistry", 9th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.

- Ira N. Levine, "Physical Chemistry", 6th ed, McGraw Hill, New York, 2009.