| Summary: |
In recent years, mobility patterns have undergone significant changes. The choice of urban mobility policies can no longer be solely directed towards fighting the effects of current travel patterns. A broad understanding of the aspects influencing travel behaviour is crucial for the definition of effective mobility policies. The need to integrate land use and transport policies has been widely recognised as a more effective approach to meeting these new mobility requirements, than traditional transport planning. Nevertheless these integrated policies have seldom seen turning into practice. Furthermore, policies dealing with personal behaviour and choice and taking into consideration socio-economic and demographic conditions are also being increasingly suggested.
This research project is based on two previous research projects concerned with complementary factors and motivations underlying urban passenger mobility patterns. One of these research projects, carried out in our research centre, is focused on the concept of 'structural accessibility' within urban metropolitan areas. This approach considers only structural factors, i.e. factors related to the land use and the transport system, and has been applied to the Metropolitan Area of Oporto. This methodology is designed to reveal the potentials of land use and transport systems to provide the necessary conditions (although not necessarily sufficient) for sustainable mobility; it is also able to provide a design-support tool for sustainable mobility policies.
The other research project developed a comprehensive study of urban structure and travel behaviour and has recently been applied to the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area by Petter Naess. The aim of this methodology, focusing on behavioural aspects, is to identify the overall relationships as well as the more detailed mechanisms through which the location of residence influence travel behaviour. In important ways the Copenhagen Metropolitan A  |
Summary
In recent years, mobility patterns have undergone significant changes. The choice of urban mobility policies can no longer be solely directed towards fighting the effects of current travel patterns. A broad understanding of the aspects influencing travel behaviour is crucial for the definition of effective mobility policies. The need to integrate land use and transport policies has been widely recognised as a more effective approach to meeting these new mobility requirements, than traditional transport planning. Nevertheless these integrated policies have seldom seen turning into practice. Furthermore, policies dealing with personal behaviour and choice and taking into consideration socio-economic and demographic conditions are also being increasingly suggested.
This research project is based on two previous research projects concerned with complementary factors and motivations underlying urban passenger mobility patterns. One of these research projects, carried out in our research centre, is focused on the concept of 'structural accessibility' within urban metropolitan areas. This approach considers only structural factors, i.e. factors related to the land use and the transport system, and has been applied to the Metropolitan Area of Oporto. This methodology is designed to reveal the potentials of land use and transport systems to provide the necessary conditions (although not necessarily sufficient) for sustainable mobility; it is also able to provide a design-support tool for sustainable mobility policies.
The other research project developed a comprehensive study of urban structure and travel behaviour and has recently been applied to the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area by Petter Naess. The aim of this methodology, focusing on behavioural aspects, is to identify the overall relationships as well as the more detailed mechanisms through which the location of residence influence travel behaviour. In important ways the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area study goes beyond the scope of previous investigations into the complex relationships between urban and use and travel, including a comprehensive analysis of socioeconomic as well as of attitudinal characteristics of travellers.
The possibility to combine these two complementary research methodologies is the distinctive and innovative contribution of this proposal. This combination will involve the application of our methodology to the Copenhagen metropolitan area and the application of Petter Naess methodology to the Oporto Metropolitan Area. In this way, the structural and behavioural aspects of mobility patterns will be analysed and compared in both case studies, taking advantage of the previous work already carried out in both sides. In addition, and despite the significant differences between the social and economic characteristics of the metropolitan areas of Oporto and Copenhagen (although fairly similar in area and population size) this project is expected to provide clear evidence of the real importance of different metropolitan structures, since the Metropolitan Area of Oporto clearly is a polycentric urban structure, whereas the Metropolitan Area of Copenhagen is very much a typical monocentric metropolis |