Pharmacodynamics

Code:

CN31005

Acronym:

FARMA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Health Sciences

Instance: 2012/2013 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Course/CS Responsible:	Nutrition Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
CNUP	120	Plano oficial	3	-	4,5	49	121,5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This discipline has as priority the teaching of pharmacology, particularly with regard to the principles of Special and General Pharmacology, and especially what matters the pharmacological intervention in the body and may result in a change in use by the body from the many constituents present in the diet. It is assumed as being indispensable for proper training in Nutritional Sciences knowledge of the principles governing the actions of drugs in the body and what modifications to the body by existing pharmacologically active constituents in the diet. Aim of this course is not providing any information that might be useful regarding the use of drugs in therapy.

Program

General Principles of Pharmacology. Drugs and pharmacological actions. Classification of drugs. Drugs and their origin. Organotropic and etiotropic drugs. Pharmacology and scope: pharmacognosy, pharmacy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics and toxicology.

General cycle of drugs in the body. Passage of drugs through biological membranes. Cell membranes. Passive processes. Influence of pH. Absorption of drugs. Bioavailability. Distribution and redistribution. Principles and pharmacokinetic parameters. Biotransformation and excretion of drugs.

General mechanisms of drug action. Actions mediated by receptors. Notion of receptor. Drug-receptor interaction. Affinity and intrinsic activity. Structure-activity relationship. Competitive and noncompetitive antagonism. Actions not mediated by receptors. Variability in drug response. Pharmacogenetics.

Pharmacology of the central nervous system. Central mediators and mechanisms of action of drugs in the CNS. Neuropharmacology of antidepressants, tranquilizers and anxiolytics, and antiparkinsonian.

Anorexiants and appetite stimulants. Pharmacology of stimulants and appetite suppressants. Mechanisms of action of anorexiants. Sibutramine and Rimonabant. Anorexiant drugs. Mechanisms of action. Other drugs used to treat obesity. Orlistat.

Emetics and antiemetics. Pharmacology of emesis. Drugs that induce vomiting and suppressors. Mechanisms of action. Antagonists of D2 receptors for dopamine. Antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine. Cannabinoids. Corticosteroids. Benzodiazepines.

Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Pharmacology of adrenergic and cholinergic transmission. Anticholinergics, cholinomimetic, sympatholytic and sympathomimetic.

Pharmacology of the cardiovascular system. Antihypertensive and anti-anginal drugs. Vasodilators. Antagonists of calcium channels. Adrenoceptor blockers, alpha and beta. Convertase inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists Angiotensin II.

Modifying agents on renal function. Diuretic drugs. Sulfonamide thiazide diuretics and non-thiazide. Loop diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics. Aldosterone antagonists. Anti-diuretic.

Pharmacology of ethanol. Pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Pharmacological effects of ethanol effects on the central nervous system. Chronic toxicity. Tolerance and dependence.

Modifiers of Protein and lipid metabolism. Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Influence of glucocorticoids on protein metabolism. Lipid metabolism and hyperlipidemia. Hypercolesterolemias. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, statins, ion exchange resins, fibrates, nicotinic acid, ezetimibe.

Modifying agents biliary secretion. Bile, bile salts and bile acids. Choleretics: ursodeoxycholic acid.

Modifying agents of gastric secretion. Gastric Antacids: aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate. Effects and actions of gastric antacids. Gastric cytoprotective: sucralfate, misoprostol. H2-receptor antagonists for the histamine receptor antagonists for the M1 acetylcholine and inhibitors of ATPase H +-K +.

Modifying agents gastric and intestinal motility.

Modifying agents and insulin metabolism. Insulin and oral antidiabetics

Influence of nutrition on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.
Pharmacologically active constituents present in the diet. Pharmacology and toxicology of dietary constituents.
PROGRAM TRUNC to 4000 characters. Available in full on page

Mandatory literature

Guimarães S, Moura D, Soares da Silva P; Terapêutica Medicamentosa e suas Bases Farmacológicas, Porto Editora, 2006
Laurence B, Lazo J, Parker K; Goodman and Gilman's. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill, 2006
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM & Moore PK.; Pharmacology. 6th edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, 2007

Teaching methods and learning activities

The teaching will be done through:
a. participation in theoretical classes (two lectures per week), designed to hierarchically organize the concepts relating to each theme and to foster a critical spirit in Pharmacology.
b. participation in theoretical and practical classes (one session per week). These sessions are intended to consolidate knowledge already acquired through active participation of students in the teaching-learning. Some of these sessions will consist of the presentation and discussion of clinical cases involving the use of drugs and its implications on food and nutrition of the patient.

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Calculation formula of final grade

The assessment is done through the final examination (in January, time to appeal in February), consisting of multiple choice written exam with an essay question.
The final classification is the classification of the written test

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Examinations outside the evaluation periods for students in special arrangements will consist of oral examination.