History of Modern Architecture

Code:

300302

Acronym:

300302

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
CNAEF	Architecture and Urbanism

Instance: 2022/2023 - A

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Arquitectura (A)
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master Degree in Architecture

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIARQ	188	MIARQ	2	-	9	-	243

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

History of architecture has to be understood as an art that is attaining step by step a scientific goal and not, in any case, like a evocative summing up of buildings, cities, and interventions on natural landscape in order to achieve the basic means of life in an artificial HABITAT.

The history of modern architecture aims the acquaintance of the generally so called classical architecture. The chronological scope of this discipline mediates from the end of Middle Ages until the beginning of neo-classical period.

The history of modern architecture archives that are dealt with in this discipline are mostly the deeds of “stone and plaster”. The student is invited to understand how the architect/builder of those times could deal with the architectural concepts for the coeval time being, giving them form and substance, i.e., turning the architectural concept into the architectonic matter.

The knowledge of architecture could not survive without the written documents as well as drawings that, sometimes are due to arise some unexpected hypothesis to understand unconventional matters.

Learning outcomes and competences

To be able to “read” architecture for someone that wishes to become an architect is one end to accomplish. The reading of a same matter can be not the same for different persons with the same instruction. So it is important to be able to establish ways of interpretation and understanding upon which one can exercise a credible basis of evaluation. 

Although History is in the very name of the discipline, however it is in the sense of comprehending the world of shapes and forms in order to turn architecture in a more appealing approach. The systematization of knowledge is based upon memory and intellect is founded in common items or disparate ones of the way of thinking architecture. All these items are basis of departure and return for the exercise of conceiving, “collective memories” of a common history without which the creative intelligence could not aspire to evolve. Intelligence can not be without memory. And for us, architects, emotional Intelligence is not the less important. 

The main fundamentals of the study are mainly those laid by historians whose knowledge and scientific methods go on being imprescindable. Nevertheless, through History, in the most restricted sense, we architects must identify architectonic signals, the drawing signs left by men throughout his existence. Sketches that made possible the materialising of architecture, of the architecture that wanted to be but could not reach the point and was relegated only to the two dimensions of the sketch and the unbuildable architecture that could not attain its purpose because of the lack of sufficient know how. So, design as an exact, unique and autonomous discipline is also the privileged tool to evaluate the contents and the container of the architectonics. 

The principal purpose and aim of this discipline can be resumed like this: stimulate the desire and accomplishment of the future architect to study architecture.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. Medieval and Renaissance building tradition. Modern Gothic and Old vs. vs. "At Romano". Renaissance and "old" - Filaret. Renaissance and "modernity" - Palladio
2. Filippo Brunelleschi (1337-1446). Proto-Renaissance: from the medieval tradition and the revival of antiquity.
3. Alberti (1404-1472) and Roman architecture (I)
4. Tratadística: Theory of Architecture in the Treaties (I)
5. Tratadística: Theory of Architecture in the Treaties (II)
6. Classical tradition [Greek and Roman temples, classical orders]
7. Bramante (1444-1514), architect ruinante
8. St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica Constantian up from Michelangelo) I
9. Michelangelo (1475-1564) and his contemporaries (the Basilica of St. Peter)
10. Michelangelo (1475-1564): theory and practice of architecture in the sixteenth century
11. Baldassare Peruzzi (1481-1537)
12. Giulio Romano (1499-1546)
13. Serliana and Serlio (1475-1554)
14. I Palladio (1508-1580)
15. Palladio II (1508-1580)
16. St. Peter's Basilica (Michelangelo to Carlo Maderno) II: Council of Trent and split in the church.
17. Inigo Jones and the Palladian (1573-1652)
18. Juan de Herrera (1530-1593)
19. The idea of Mannerism
20. The idea of Baroque (Classicism in France, the Baroque in Italy)
21. Bernini (1598-1680) and I Borromini (1599-1667)
22. Bernini (1598-1680) II and Borromini (1599-1667)
23. St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica Constantian up from Bernini) III
24. Fischer von Erlach (1656-1723)
25. Friedrich Weinbrenner (1766-1826) and Claude-Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806)
26. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)

Mandatory literature

Alberti Leon Battista; Da arte edificatória. ISBN: 978-972-31-1374-7
Arnau Joaquin; La teoria de la arquitectura en los tratados. ISBN: 84-7360-084-3
Bacon Edmund N.; Design of cities. ISBN: 0-500-27133-X
benevolo Leonardo; História de la arquitectura del Renacimiento. ISBN: 84-306-9759-4
Fletcher Banister; A History of architecture. ISBN: 0-408-01587-X
Kostof Spiro; História de la arquitectura. ISBN: 84-206-7996-8
Kostof Spiro; A history of architecture. ISBN: 0-19-508378-4
Pevsner Nikolaus; An outline of European architecture. ISBN: 0-14-020109-2
Summerson John; The classical language of architecture
Summerson John; El lenguaje clásico de la arquitectura. ISBN: 84-252-0806-8
Palladio Andrea; The four books of architecture
Palladio Andrea; Libros I y III. ISBN: 84-600-4629-X
Polião Marco Vitrúvio; Da arquitectura. ISBN: 85-271-0506-3
Forssman Erik; Dórico, Jónico e Coríntio na arquitectura dos séculos XVI-XVIII. ISBN: 972-23-1276-6
Giedion Siegfried; Espacio, tiempo y arquitectura. ISBN: 84-237-0375-4
Le Corbusier; Vers une architecture. ISBN: 2-7003-0188-9
Silva Manuel Montenegro de Figueiredo Moreira da; Nicolau Nasoni e a arquitectura civil
Quintão José César Vasconcelos; Fachadas de igrejas portuguesas de referente clássico. ISBN: 972-9483-67-1
Rodrigues José Miguel Neto Viana Brás; O mundo ordenado e acessível das formas da arquitectura
Rogers Ernesto Nathan; Esperienza dell.architettura. ISBN: 88-8118-147-9
Summerson John; The classical language of architecture
Tavares Domingos; Miguel Ângelo. ISBN: 972-9483-60-4
Távora Fernando; Teoria geral da organização do espaço
Bacon Edmund N.; Design of cities. ISBN: 0-500-27133-X
Benevolo Leonardo; Historia de la arquitectura del renacimiento
Benevolo Leonardo; Storia della cittá
Fletcher Banister; A History of architecture. ISBN: 0-408-01587-X
Kostof Spiro; The city shaped. ISBN: 0-500-34118-4
Kostof Spiro; The city assembled. ISBN: 0-500-34124-9
Kostof Spiro; A history of architecture. ISBN: 0-19-508378-4
Patetta Luciano; História de la arquitectura
Pevsner Nikolaus; An outline of european architecture. ISBN: 978-0-500-34241-1
Tavares Domingos; Filippo Brunelleschi, o arquitecto. ISBN: 972-99019-0-2
Tavares Domingos; Donato Bramante. ISBN: 978-989-95159-2-5
Tavares Domingos; Inigo Jones. ISBN: 972-99019-6-1
Tavares Domingos; Leon Baptista Alberti. ISBN: 972-99019-3-7
Burckhardt Jacob; The architecture of the italian renaissance
Focillon Henri; A vida das formas

Teaching methods and learning activities

4. Practical component of HAM (TPm), evaluation methodology, calculation of the classification and scheduling

4.1 Two Practical Work assignments (TP1 and TP2) will be carried out, consisting of two exercises (Exercise 1 and Exercise 2) that will be subject to critique, discussion, assessment and grading.

4.2 Each practical work, after the critique, discussion and evaluation process will be assigned a numerical evaluation from 0 to 20.

4.3 The formula for calculating the final mark for the practical component of HAM (TPm) will correspond to the arithmetic mean of the marks obtained in the two practical assignments: (TP1+TP2)/2

4.4 The successful completion of the practical component of HAM is subject to the rules for obtaining attendance at the University of Porto: 75% attendance at tutorial classes.

4.5 There is no room for appeal and/or improvement in the practical component of HAM.

5. Theoretical component of MAH (Tm)

5.1 Two tests (T1 and T2) are to be taken in the two examination periods foreseen in the FAUP academic calendar in each academic semester.

5.2 Test 1 (T1) deals with the material given in the first semester.

5.2 Test 2 (T2) deals with the subject matter given in the second semester.

5.3 The final mark of the theoretical component corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the final marks obtained in T1 and T2: (T1+T2)/2.

5.4 The successful completion of the theoretical component of HAM is subject to the rules for obtaining attendance at the University of Porto: compulsory 75% attendance at lectures. Students who have already taken the practical component of the course unit in a previous year and who, for justified reasons (namely timetable coincidence), are unable to attend the lectures, are not subject to the above attendance regime (compulsory 75% of attendance in the lectures).

5.5 Students who fail to achieve a grade of 9.5 or higher in calculating the average grade of the theoretical component of the course unit will fail the History of Modern Architecture.

5.6 All students may take, in the examination period foreseen in FAUP's academic calendar, a final exam of appeal-improvement (for improvement purposes they should pay the fees) subject to pre-registration in FAUP's Academic Services.

5.7 The final appeal-improvement examination (Erm) covers all the material given during the academic year.

5.8 In the case of students who on the average of the two previous tests have not yet obtained a mark of 9.5, if they obtain a mark higher than 9.5 in this Exam, the final mark obtained replaces the average of the two previous ones for the purpose of calculating the final HAM mark.

5.9 In the case of students who have already obtained, in the average of the two previous tests, a positive classification (higher than 9.5), the classification obtained in the appeal-improvement Exam, in case it is higher than the one previously obtained, replaces the average obtained. If the classification falls in the Erm, the higher of the average (T1+T2)/2 or Erm will always be maintained.

5.10 Students who still fail to achieve the minimum of 9.5 points in the theoretical component of the course unit required to pass the HAM will, in the case of obtaining a theoretical average (or Erm score) between 7.5 and 9.5, be entitled to take an oral test of minimum knowledge to determine the minimum classification of 9.5 points for HAM (the oral test does not allow to achieve more than 9.5 points in the theoretical component of HAM).

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Participação presencial	20,00
Prova oral	20,00
Teste	30,00
Trabalho de campo	15,00
Trabalho escrito	15,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	68,50
Frequência das aulas	74,50
Trabalho de campo	50,00
Trabalho de investigação	50,00
Total:	243,00

Eligibility for exams

It is assumed that a student must be present at least to 75% of the number of classes due according to timetable.

 

Calculation formula of final grade

6. Calculation of the final grade

6.1 The prerequisite of the curricular unit is the attendance of at least 75% of the tutorial and theoretical classes.
6.2 The evaluation is distributed with final exam and will reflect the two parts in which the curricular unit is divided. The evaluation of the theoretical part is done through two tests, staggered over the duration of the teaching period, and is reflected by an average mark calculated according to the rules mentioned above (Tm).
6.3 The evaluation of the practical part will focus on two practical exercises (with two intermediate evaluation moments) and is expressed by an average mark calculated according to the rules previously mentioned (TPm).
6.4 The positive classification in Tm and TPm is translated into a final grade resulting from the arithmetic mean of the classifications obtained (TmX50%+TPmX50%), provided that the difference between them is equal to or less than 4 values.
If the difference between the positive classification in Tm and in TPm is greater than 4 values, the lower classification will contribute 70% and the higher classification 30% in the calculation of the final average.
6.5 A negative classification in Tm and a positive classification in TPm allows access to an appeal-improvement examination (whose classification replaces the theoretical average previously obtained) and, in the case of an evaluation between 7.5 and 9.5, to an oral examination, with the mark in TPm being reserved for final weighting.
6.6 The oral test is intended exclusively to verify the minimum knowledge in the theoretical component of the curricular unit. If the oral test is passed, the Tm component will be marked with a maximum of 9.5 points.
6.7 A negative classification in TPm, even if positive in Tm or Erm, will result in failure without recourse.
6.8 Students who, for justified reasons due to the pandemic caused by covid-19 or some similar event that may occur of a dimension recognized by the institution, and who cannot attend the scheduled tests (theoretical or practical) in person, will be submitted to alternative tests in formats compatible with distance learning, namely, written and/or oral tests conducted by digital means as a substitute for tests and/or examination.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

In accordance with the applicable legislation.

Classification improvement

The classification of the theoretical part can be improved through a test covering the entire program of the course. The positive classification replaces the average of the marks obtained in the tests performed.

Observations

According to the devellopment of COVID-19 pandemy, and depending on the dispostions that may be demanded by the Portuguese Health Authorities, changes may occur in face-to-face classes regime.