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Concepção e Experimentação Estrutural

Code: 50143C5     Acronym: CEE

Keywords
Classification Keyword
OFICIAL Building Technology

Instance: 2020/2021 - 1S

Active? Yes
Web Page: http://structures.arq.up.pt
Responsible unit: Arquitectura (A)
Course/CS Responsible: Integrated Master Degree in Architecture

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym No. of Students Study Plan Curricular Years Credits UCN Credits ECTS Contact hours Total Time
MIARQ 19 MIARQ 4 - 3 - 81
5

Teaching language

Portuguese and english

Objectives

The course unit aims to bring students closer to three types of structural principles – statics, materials and construction – that were on the conceptual genesis of reference structures of the past.

On statics, the objective is to develop an intuitive and holistic relationship between form and structure using graphical methods and physical models, in which structures are being calculated as they’re being drawn.

Starting with the simplest structural behavior, arch (compression) and cable (tension), the students will be able to visually understand, qualify and question the behavior of all types of structures – vaults, trusses, beams, deep-beams/slabs – including its lateral stability and response to actions such as wind or earthquake in regular buildings and skyscrapers. All theoretical models are explained using existing structures from reference authors.

The students, in groups of 4 or 5 people, should develop the project for a structure that will be built in January. This structure, with no program or function, should have its genesis on an idea or structural principle, around one of the engineering themes: equilibrium, surfaces, lines.

During this process, the students must question and explore the restrictions they’re being faced – technical and constructive process – and for their project they should produce three types of drawings – conception, execution and construction.

 

Learning outcomes and competences

The students should be able to develop a synthetic thinking between form, structure, materials and construction during their own conceptual design process.

With these processes of learning, based on drawing, historic references and experimentation, the students should be able to develop a common language that can foster a more informed dialogue with engineers and other professionals of construction.

At the end of this course, the student should be able to design, explain and build a structure. By being a workgroup, the collaboration process and autonomy are highly valued, and are essential for the development and building of the objects.

For 2020/21, the theme is linear structures and the material steel or aluminium. As a reference, starting quantities are of 300kg per group.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. THEORY

1.1. Static principles

1.2. Arches and cables – compression and tension

1.3. Tied-arches, trusses, beams, deep-beams/slabs

1.4. Stability and lateral bracing

2. STRUCTURAL CONCEPTION

2.1. References

2.2. Typologies

2.3. Experimentation

2.4. Construction

 

Mandatory literature

DEPLAZES, Andrea ; Constructing Architecture: Materials, Processes, Structures, Birkhauser, 2009
GARGIANI, Roberto; The rhetoric of Pier Luigi Nervi: Forms in reinforced concrete and ferro-cement., EPFL Press, 2016
MOSTAFAVI, Mohsen ; Structure as Space: Engineering and Architecture in the Works of Jürg Conzett and His Partners, AA Publications, 2006
MULLER-BROCKMANN, Josef ; Sistemas de grelhas, Gustavo Gili, 2012
MUTTONI, Aurelio; The Art of Structures: Introduction to the Functioning of Structure in Architecture, EPFL Press, 2012
NERVI, Pier Luigi; Aesthetics and Technology in Buildings, Harvard University Press, 1966
SANDAKER, Bjorn; The Structural Basis of Architecture, Routledge, 2014
SEMPER, Gottfried ; Style in the technical and tectonic arts, or, practical aesthetics, Getty Research Institute, 2004
REICHEL, Alexander ; Support, materialise. Columns, walls, floors, Birkhauser, 2014

Complementary Bibliography

ADDIS, Bill; Building: 3000 Years of Design Engineering and Construction, Phaidon, 2007
ANGERER, Fred; Surface Structures in Building: Structure and Form, Reinhold Pub. Corp, 1961
BILL, Max; Robert Maillart, Erlenbach, 1949
CARLANA, Michel; Forms of Structures, Electa architectura, 2011
FLURY, Aita; Cooperation: The Engineer and the Architect, Birkhauser, 2012
KIND-BARKAUSAS, Friedbert; Concrete Construction Manual, Birkhauser, 2002
PICON, Antoine; Art de l'Ingenieur: Construction Entrepreneur Inventeur, Centre Georges Pompidou, 1997
POPOVIC, Olga; Conceptual Structural Design: Bridging the Gap between Architects and Engineers, Thomas Telford, 2003
TORROJA, Eduardo; Razón y ser de los tipos estructurales, Ediciones Doce Calles, 2010

Teaching methods and learning activities

Each weekly class is divided in three parts: theory, fast exercises (graphical statics and model making), and workgroup tutorial. Invited guests (architects, engineers and builders) will provide complementary knowledge.

The workgroup consists on designing and building an object in steel/aluminion. Each team of five students should design, plan and build one object, where it should question one structural idea.

For the 2020/21 edition visiting trips are planned to construction sites, laboratory of materials and steel workshops.

At the end of the semester each team must deliver three panels describing the project, the process and the construction, while producing a short and synthetic analysis on the built object.

Software

Autocad, Illustrator, Indesign, Photoshop, Revit, Rhinoceros, Robot Structural Analysis

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Civil engineering > Structural engineering
Technological sciences > Architecture

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation Weight (%)
Participação presencial 30,00
Trabalho prático ou de projeto 70,00
Total: 100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation Time (hours)
Apresentação/discussão de um trabalho científico 6,00
Elaboração de projeto 36,00
Frequência das aulas 39,00
Total: 81,00

Eligibility for exams

75% attendance

Calculation formula of final grade

Global and continuous evaluation during the semester, taking into account:
1. Attendance and class participation
2. Research and reflection for the workgroup;
3. Work dynamics of workgroup;
4. Command of structural principles;
5. Quality of the built object;
6. Clarity and precision of final solution.

CF = (1,2 & 3)x0,50 + (4,5 & 6)x0,50

Observations

Go to course website for further workgroup information.
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