History of Portuguese Architecture

Code:

400402

Acronym:

400402

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
CNAEF	Architecture and Urbanism

Instance: 2024/2025 - A

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Arquitectura (A)
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master Degree in Architecture

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIARQ	184	MIARQ	4	-	12	-	324

Teaching language

Portuguese
Obs.: Língua de trabalho complementar: inglês; ver Observações.

Objectives

Continuing the program, contents and teaching methodology underlying the curricular unit developed by Professors Alexandre Alves Costa and Marta Oliveira in recent decades, the aim is to promote the acquisition of knowledge within the scope of Portuguese Architecture over time, whether in terms of understanding the building action and the organization of the territory as a material expression resulting from a given geographic and historical context, whether in the diachronic sense of project themes and vertical collaboration in transformation processes, between times, as expressed by architect Fernando Távora.
It is also intended, by "considering architectures from other Iberian, European and Mediterranean spaces (and other parts of the world), [... to enable] understanding the encounter of cultures and interpreting signs of specificity and identity of architecture Portuguese." (Marta Oliveira, 2022)

Learning outcomes and competences

Each student, within the scope of the theoretical component and resulting from individual study, will take two tests and present a Travel Notebook, carried out on site.
Within the scope of the tutorial component, will be develop, in a group of 5 students and with an annual extension organized in three moments, a theoretical-practical work relating to a case study, chosen from the themes presented by the respective teacher.

The student must be able to understand the formal complexity of a given object (architectural, urban or territorial) whether as a material expression of circumstances of a given temporal period of Portuguese Architecture, or in the ability to disentangle such complexity as an overlap and transformation of times and successive contexts, including syntheses resulting from external influences.
Consequently, should be developed the capacity for relative and critical positioning in the context of a new work as well as as a transformation of pre-existence, whether as an observer, diachronic and/or synchronic, or in a sense of active and transformative participation in the project.

Through the case study, collaborative and laboratory space also for experimental method(s), it should come close to building an orderly system of observation, recording and study; questioning, thematization, problematization and respective representation; and, finally, a synthesis, argued using objective, inferred and-or interpreted data.
It will therefore be necessary for the student to develop the ability to integrate into a teamwork context, sharing and complementing skills, arguing and negotiating perspectives resulting from fieldwork, study and interpretation, converging towards a full understanding of collaboration, whether personal, academic or, in the future, social and labor.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

The curricular unit is included in the structure of the integrated master's degree cycle and following the architectural history programs taught in the undergraduate cycle, whose contents are taken as acquired. Themes of the Portuguese territory, city and urban space or of Portuguese influence are considered, in line with the work developed in this domain in the tutorial componen, as well as certain aspects of the axes of contemporary transformation and the debate surrounding Portuguese Architecture in 19th and 20th centuries.

Program

The theoretical program unfolds essentially in a temporal sequence, emphasizing: 1_ geographic aspects and cultural sedimentation in the organization of the Iberian space, between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic; 2_ the organization of Portuguese territory based on the architecture of the time of country's formation; 3_ the emergence of a global and relative perception in the confrontation with other worlds, providing singularities through experimentation and innovation; 4_ the (re)affirmation of canons in European (re)centralization and the multiple (re)interpretations and syntheses manifested locally or regionally; and, finally, 5_ the contemporary system, a recent past still present in the current context of action and transformation of Portuguese Architecture.

1_ In the Iberian Peninsula before the formation of Portugal | 1.1_ Hillfort Castro Culture of the Northwest | romanization of the Iberian Peninsula | 1.2_ Roman Portugal | paleochristian architecture (4th-7th centuries) | 1.3_ architecture of the Suebi and Visigothic contexts (5th-8th centuries, year 711) | 1.4_architecture from the time of the 'Reconquista': Asturian pre-Romanesque (early 8th-10th centuries) and Mozarabic (9th-11th centuries)
2_ Portugal in the Middle Ages | 2.1_ Romanesque architecture (11th-13th centuries) | 2.2_ Gothic architecture (13th-14th centuries) | 2.3_ Late Gothic architecture (14th-15th centuries)
3_ On the threshold of the Modern Age, between worlds and passages | 3.1_ architecture from the time of D. João II and D. Manuel (Mudéjar) | 3.2_ about inhabitation: between ‘domus-fortis’ and palaces; ‘villas’ and gardens | 3.3_ Manueline architecture (15th-16th centuries)
4_ In the Modern Age, until the end of the Old Regime | 4.1_ between renaissances: Portuguese mode and ‘Roman mode’; Portuguese Plain Architecture | 4.2_ on the threshold of baroque, mannerism, 'plain style' | 4.3_ baroque architecture, 'garden art' and rococo; between pombalism and neoclassicism | 4.4_ aspects of the organization of the Portuguese territory and city
5_ Contemporary system | 5.1_ romanticism, revivalism, eclecticism, academicism; tradition and industry | 5.2_ emergence of the concept of heritage and restoration-intervention programs | 5.3_ moderns and modernisms; the corporate state, the revolution and contemporary times

More than corresponding to autonomous classes, point 5_ will be addressed throughout the program, confronting times, forms, recurrences and transformations, stimulating the importance of rigorous, critical and operational knowledge for the training of an architect.

The themes to be developed in the tutorial component will be proposed to each class by the respective teacher in a specific document, informing the terms of choice, making it possible to accept appropriate theme proposals by groups of students.

Mandatory literature

José Matoso; Portugal. ISBN: 978-989-644-099-2
Orlando Ribeiro; Portugal. ISBN: 972-9230-39-0 (synopses in Spanish, French and English)
Paulo Pereira; História da arte portuguesa. ISBN: 972-42-1143-6
Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Almeida; O românico. ISBN: 972-23-2827-1 (see the 6 titles in this collection published by Presença between 2001 and 2004)

Complementary Bibliography

Alexandre Alves Costa; Introdução ao estudo da história da arquitectura portuguesa. ISBN: 978-972-9483-81-3
Jorge de Alarcão; História da arte em Portugal
Walter Rossa; A^urbe e o traço. ISBN: 972-40-1798-2
Pedro Dias; A arquitectura gótica portuguesa. ISBN: 972-33-0984-X
José Custódio Vieira da Silva; O Tardo-gótico em Portugal. ISBN: 972-24-0725-2
Marta Maria Peters Arriscado de Oliveira; Arquitectura Portuguesa do tempo dos descobrimentos
Orlando Ribeiro; Originalidade da expansão portuguesa. ISBN: 972-9230-40-4 (synopses in Spanish, French and English)
George Kubler; A arquitectura portuguesa chã
George Kubler; Portuguese plain architecture
José Eduardo Horta Correia; Arquitectura portuguesa. ISBN: 972-23-1442-4
Paulo Varela Gomes; Arquitectura, religião e política em Portugal no século XVII. ISBN: 972-9483-46-3
José Augusto França; Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. ISBN: 978-972-27-2972-7
Paulo Pereira; Arquitetura portuguesa. ISBN: 978-989-644-649-9

Comments from the literature

Following the sequence of subjects in the theoretical component, specific bibliography for each class or set of classes will be indicated, or even made available, on Moodle. The specific bibliography for each theoretical-practical work, both monographic and thematic, will be discussed within the sessions of the tutorial component.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Structured into two complementary approaches, the theoretical component corresponds to a weekly class with a systematic exposition of content, and integrating at least two on-site classes in nuclear works of Portuguese Architecture, from different periods, accompanied by teachers and aiming at the guided development of a Travel Notebook; it also incorporates moments of synthesis dedicated to temporal transversality, whether observed in a given object or based on themes of architecture and the organization of the territory.
"The Travel Notebook, with drawings of buildings considered in the theoretical classes program, constitutes a training experience through travel, apprehending territories and places of architecture: the earth, materials, landscape, form and space, and light apprehended by the senses." (Marta Oliveira, 2022)
This component is developed individually and evaluated through two tests and the aforementioned travel notebook, a test carried out on site, with the three elements being considered in equal parts.

The tutorial guidance component, of a theoretical-practical nature and an approach to a first research experience, is developed in groups, with weekly sessions, including two thematic situation points extended to several groups; this component is assessed through final group work.

Over the course of the subject, the convergence of approaches between components will be progressively clarified and constructed by the student, resulting from an individual synthesis process.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Teste	50,00
Trabalho de campo	20,00
Trabalho escrito	10,00
Trabalho prático ou de projeto	20,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	122,00
Frequência das aulas	55,00
Trabalho laboratorial	147,00
Total:	324,00

Eligibility for exams

Once the minimum condition of attendance equal to or greater than 75% of the total number of classes taught has been met, attendance is obtained through a positive classification (equal to or greater than 9.5/20 points) in each of the components.

The acquisition of knowledge in the theoretical component is the subject of individual assessment, through three elements considered in equal ratio (see formula for calculating the final classification): two written-drawn tests and a Travel Notebook designed on site (with intermediate critical assessment ), the latter element requiring a positive classification (equal to or greater than 9.5/20). This component is subject to recovery or grade improvement in the final appeal exam.
The tutorial guidance component is assessed through the final delivery of theoretical-practical work, developed in groups, subject to two situation points with appreciation and critical evaluation. The final classification given to group work recognizes it as a collaborative space, combining skills and debate. Exceptionally, however, there may be different classifications between elements of a group, if evident imbalances are observed in their respective contributions.

The appeal exam takes place in person, at a specific time defined for this purpose in the school calendar, consisting of a written and drawn test. Access to the exam requires a minimum grade of 6.5/20 obtained in the theoretical component, carried out during the normal period of the same academic year. Exceptionally, upon justification considered on a case-by-case basis, access may be granted without complying with the aforementioned requirement.
The classification obtained in the appeal exam replaces the classification achieved in the two tests of the theoretical component, then operating the calculation of the final classification with the recovery of the classification of the theoretical-practical group work.
For students with a high number of enrollments, or specific justified conditions, a subject resolution plan may be applied, exceptionally and in the case of the theoretical component.

A positive classification obtained in the theoretical-practical group work may be recovered, for the purpose of calculating the final classification, in the case of new enrollment in the curricular unit to complete the theoretical component or improve the grade. Partial component validation occurs within a period of up to n+2 years of enrollment in the curricular unit, with n being the year of attendance and partial approval. For situations that exceed n+2 years of registration, recognition is not guaranteed and will be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

Calculation formula of final grade

In order to recognize balance between the individual and group classifications, obtained by each student in each of the components, one of the following formulas will be applied:
_differential less than or equal to 4 values: CF = 0.5 X (T1+T2+CV) + 0.5 X TTP;
_differential greater than 4 values: CF = 0.6 X (T1+T2+CV) + 0.4 X TTP.
CF Final Classification | T Test (individual) | CV Travel Notebook (individual) with mandatory positive classification (equal to or greater than 9.5/20) | TTP Theoretical-Practical Work (in groups)

To apply the final classification formula, it is a condition to obtain a classification equal to or greater than 9.5/20 points in each of the components (individual and group); if one of the components does not reach the minimum classification in a given academic year, it will be possible to recover that positive grade for a period of n+2 years of enrollment (see Obtaining frequency).

Examinations or Special Assignments

n.a.

Internship work/project

n.a.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Carried out in accordance with applicable legislation.

Classification improvement

Improvement of the theoretical component (individual) will be done in the final exam; that of the theoretical-practical component (group) by attending the tutorial component in the following academic year.

Observations

Whenever it exists, bibliography in a foreign language will be indicated, in whole or in part of a given reference (book, chapter, catalogue, article, ...).
During the academic year, synthesis and review classes of the theoretical component will be held, in English, aimed at foreign language students attending the curricular unit. Tests can be taken in English, Spanish, French or Italian.
In the tutorial component, it is possible to use a second language (English); parts of the theoretical-practical work may use English, Spanish, French or Italian.

In the current academic year, the 2nd edition of the Nicolau Nasoni Architect Award will take place, created by the Venerable Third Order of São Francisco do Porto, VOTSFP, and by FAUP, dedicated to the Travel Notebook (regulations available in Documents).