History of Contemporary Architecture

Code:

500502

Acronym:

500502

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
CNAEF	Architecture and Urbanism

Instance: 2012/2013 - A

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Arquitectura (A)
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master Degree in Architecture

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIARQ	166	MIARQ	3	-	9	-	243

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The aim of History of Contemporary Architecture is the critical knowledge of the architecture of contemporary age through three works that, realized during one year of studies, support pedagogically its critical interpretation:
1) the study of one work of Portuguese contemporary architecture; 2) one written exam concerning the knowledge of the most important works and ideas of contemporary architecture (based in the contents of the theoretical classes and in a selected group of texts considered representative of the most important trends of contemporary architecture theory); 3) A photographic portfolio concerning 15 works of contemporary Portuguese architecture, chosen from a list given to the students at the beginning of the year. Those three works must develop simultaneously the capacity to critically read the texts and the works, studied and visited during the year.
It?s the relation between the three different works proposed that will allow the student to inter-relate the knowledge of the most relevant architectural works, the written words and the material reality of the forms and the spaces of the constructed buildings, essential to the development of a personal understanding of contemporary architecture. The goal of History of Contemporary Architecture must therefore be understood as the study of the works projected or built and of the ideas that justify and justify them.
The subject of the practical work must be an example of Portuguese contemporary architecture, given the necessity to visit the built works studied. Given the importance of contacting directly with the primary sources, with the theory of architectural practice, all the selected texts are written by architects. The historian texts or books in the bibliography must be understood as secondary or supporting material, allowing the knowledge of the different contexts of the studied architectural works and their authors.
All the works to be studied and the selected texts are from the twentieth century. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries will be studied in the theoretical classes and, retrospectively, in the practical works depending on the their subject.

Program

The 90 minutes theoretical classes will be dedicated to the diachronically exposition of the most relevant projects, buildings and ideas of the period, supported by visual documentation presented in Powerpoint with photographs and drawings. Some of the classes will also be dedicated to explain the criteria used in the selection of the texts to be read during the academic year. A complementary bibliography will be suggested, depending on the studied buildings and authors in the practical group work. The chronological order of the texts is, sometimes, slightly altered with the purpose of grouping those dedicated to similar or complementary themes, to important polemic debates between authors of the same movements or of different or opposed ones, etc.
Selected texts (when the version is a translation, the title is in that language):
Group 1) Las formas de la residencia en la ciudad moderna (1991) excerpt, Carlos Martí Arís.
Group 2) "In the cause of architecture" (1908), Frank Lloyd Wright. "Ornamento y delito" (1908), Adolf Loos. "Arquitectura" (1910), Adolf Loos.
Group 3) "Hacia una construcción colectiva, - ? + = R4" (1923), Theo van Doesburg, Cornelius van Eesteren. "Hacia una arquitectura plástica" (1924), Theo van Doesburg. "Mi trayectoria en «De Stijl»" (1960), J. J. Pieter Oud.
Group 4) Vers une architecture (1923) excerto, Le Corbusier. "Construir" (1928), Hannes Meyer. "En defensa de la arquitectura" (1929/33), Le Corbusier.
Group 5) "Construcción baja, media o alta?" (1931) Walter Gropius. "Cinco anos de construcción de barrios en Frankfurt" (1930), Ernst May.
Group 6) "Tesis de trabajo" (1923), Mies van der Rohe. "Entrevista com Graeme Shankland" (1959), Mies van der Rohe.
Group 7) A Moderna Arquitectura Holandesa (1943), Francisco Keil do Amaral. O Problema da Casa Portuguesa (1943/45), Fernando Távora.
Group 8) "El oficio del arquitecto" (1958), Ernesto Nathan Rogers. "Neoliberty. La retirada italiana del Movimiento Moderno" (1958), Reyner Banham. "La evolución de la arquitectura. Respuesta al guardián de los frigoríficos" (1959), Ernesto Nathan Rogers. "Fernando Távora. 12 anos de actividade profissional" (1961) Nuno Portas.
Group 9) "Amo los inicios" (1973), Louis Khan. Complejidad y contradicción en la arquitectura (1966) excerto, Robert Venturi. "Adolf Loos: 1870-1933" (1959), Aldo Rossi. "Arquitectura para los museos" (1968), Aldo Rossi. "A propósito de vanguardia" (1980), Giorgio Grassi.
Group 10) "A Ilha Proletária como Elemento Base do Tecido Urbano. Algumas Considerações sobre um Título Enigmático" (2002), Alexandre Alves Costa. "Linha de Acção dos Técnicos enquanto Técnicos" (1976), Álvaro Siza. "A Problemática, a Polémica e as Propostas da Casa Portuguesa" (1980), Alexandre Alves Costa. "Architettura popolare, dall'Inchiesta al progetto" (1984) Nuno Teotónio Pereira. "Farmácia Moderna" (1988), Álvaro Siza. Imaginar a evidência (1998) excerto, Álvaro Siza. "Nulla dies sine linea, Fragmentos de una conversación con Fernando Távora", entrevista por Carlos Martí Arís (1998), Fernando Távora. "A ambição à obra anónima, numa conversa com Eduardo Souto de Moura", entrevista por Paulo Pais (1994), Eduardo Souto de Moura.

Mandatory literature

Lampugnani Vittorio Magnago 300; Architettura moderna
Sindicato nacional dos arquitectos; Arquitectura popular em Portugal
Banham Reyner; Theory and design in the first machine age. ISBN: 0-85139-632-1
Benevolo Leonardo; Historia de la arquitectura moderna. ISBN: 84-252-1793-8
Bergdoll, Barry; European Architecture 1750-1890, Oxford University Press, 2000
Calatrava Juan; Arquitectura y cultura en los siglos de las luces. ISBN: 84-338-2570
Correia José Eduardo Horta; Vila Real de Santo António
Frampton Kenneth; História critica de la arquitectura moderna. ISBN: 84-252-1051-8
França José-Augusto; Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo
Giedion Siegfried; Espacio, tiempo y arquitectura. ISBN: 84-237-0375-4
Ferrão Bernardo; Projecto de transformação urbana do Porto na época dos Almadas. ISBN: 972-9483-02-7
Hitchcock Henry-Russell; Architecture
Kaufmann, Emil; De Ledoux a Le Corbusier, Gustavo Gili, 1982
Kaufmann Emil; Tres arquitectos revolucionarios
Kaufmann Emil; La arquitectura de la ilustracion. ISBN: 84-252-0816-5
Middleton Robin; Arquitectura moderna. ISBN: 84-03-33026-X
Patetta Luciano; Lc2b4architettura dellc2b4eclettismo. ISBN: 88-251-0045-0
Pevsner Nikolaus; Os pioneiros do design moderno
Rykwert Joseph; Los primeros modernos. ISBN: 84-252-1057-7
Rowe Colin; Mathématiques de la villa idéale et autres essais. ISBN: 2-85025-717-6
Solà-Morales Ignasi de; Inscripciones. ISBN: 84-252-1913-2
Tafuri Manfredo; Arquitectura Contemporânea. ISBN: 84-03-33027-8
Tafuri Manfredo; La esfera y el laberinto. ISBN: 84-252-1171-9
Távora Fernando; Teoria Geral da Organização do Espaço, Arquitectura e Urbanismo, a lição das constantes, Porto, FAUP Publicações, 1993
Vidler Anthony; El espacio de la ilustración. ISBN: 84-206-7140-1
Watkin David; The English vision
Watkin David; German architecture and the classical ideal
Wittkower, Rudolf; Palladio and English Palladianism, Thames and Hudson, 1985
Zevi Bruno; Historia de la arquitectura moderna. ISBN: 84-85083-15-6
Zucconi Guido; La città dell.ottocento. ISBN: 88-420-6481-5

Complementary Bibliography

Bergdoll, Barry; Karl Friedrich Schinkel, An Architecture for Prussia, Rizolli, 1994
Madec Philippe; Boullée. ISBN: 2-85025-203-4
Pérouse de Montclos Jean-Marie; Étienne-Louis Boullée. ISBN: 2-08-010075-0
Pundt, Herman G.; Schinkel's Berlin, A Study in Environmental Planning, Harvard University Press, 1972
Ribeiro Irene; Raul Lino, pensador nacionalista da arquitectura. ISBN: 972-9883-04-3
Szambien Werner; Jean Nicolas Louis Durand, 1760 1834. ISBN: 2-7084-0098-3
Vidler Anthony; Ledoux. ISBN: 2-850-25-272-7
Villari Sergio; J.N.L. Durand, 1760 1834. ISBN: 0-8478-1184-0
Número monográfico da revista "Architectural Design" nºs 3/4 ; Viollet-le-Duc, Architectural Design, Londres, 1980
Grassi Giorgio; Arquitectura lengua muerta y otros escritos. ISBN: 84-7628-414-4
Moneo Rafael; La solitudine degli edifici e altri scritti. ISBN: 88-422-0923-6
Monestiroli Antonio; La arquitectura de la realidad. ISBN: 84-7628-116-1
Rossi, Aldo; Para una arquitectura de tendencia, Escritos : 1956-72, , Gustavo Gili, 1977
Boullée, Étienne-Louis; Arquitectura, Ensayo sobre el Arte, Gustavo Gili, 1985
Durand Jean Nicolas Louis; Précis des leçons dc2b4architecture donnés à lc2b4École Royale Politechnique. ISBN: 3-921503-59-0
Laugier Marc-Antoine; Ensayo sobre la arquitectura. ISBN: 84-460-1048-8
Mézières Nicolas Le Camus de; The genius of architecture. ISBN: 0-89236-235-9
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel, selecção e apresentação Hubert Damish; L'architecture raisonnée, Extraits du Dictionnaire de l'architecture française, HERMANN, ÉDITEURS DES SCIENCES ET DES ARTS, 1990

Teaching methods and learning activities

From the beginning, the student must establish correspondences between the three works to be undertaken during the year, developed with the following criteria:
1) Practical work: the study of a contemporary Portuguese building (to be realized by a group of students) chosen from a list presented at the beginning of the year. Considered as a starting point, after the first evaluation by the teacher, this group work will be divided in several sub-themes (one for each one of the students) concerning the same building. Those sub-themes will be then developed individually till the end of the year. The group, however, is maintained as a discussion platform, between the students and with the teacher, till the end of the year. These practical works, realized by the group and after by each one of the students, must have, as its maximal extension, 5 written pages (complemented with all the necessary images ? drawings, photos, etc.).
2) Written exam: with the duration of 240 minutes, the students can and must use the bibliography to answer the questions. They will concern, as previously said, the knowledge of the most important works and ideas of contemporary architecture, based in the contents of the theoretical classes and in the selected group of texts considered representative of the most important trends of contemporary architecture theory.
3) The photographic portfolio concerning 15 works of contemporary Portuguese architecture, chosen from a list given to the students at the beginning of the year (individual work). Presented near the end of the year, it presupposes a careful selection and organization of the photographic images taken by the students, in order to clearly present the most significant aspects of Portuguese contemporary architecture. This individual work will be the subject of two theoretical classes during the academic year.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	112,50
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

The evaluation of the practical work is continuous, with three classifications during the academic year, each one of them presupposing all the work till the beginning of the year. The last one is the final classification of the practical work. The exam and the photographic portfolio will be evaluated with a single classification.

Calculation formula of final grade

To obtain a final positive classification the student must present the three works explained above. If he does not present the photographic portfolio or does not participate in the written exam, he can have a final negative classification (8 or 9 values in a scale of twenty) that will allow him to be present at a special final exam destined to improve the final classification (to be realized in July). If the student does not present the practical work, the final classification is always inferior to 8 values and he will not be admitted to the special final exam.
The final classification is the result of 50% of the classification obtained in the practical work, 25% of the classification obtained in the exam and 25% of the classification obtained in the photographic portfolio.

Examinations or Special Assignments

A special exam is realized in July to allow the improvement of final grade.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

The students that by law are not obliged to attend the classes must participate, at least, in five sessions of tutorial classes dedicated to the practical work in each semester. The photographic portfolio, that does not oblige the presence in the classes, and the written exam, realized in one session of four hours (240 minutes), are also obligatory.

Classification improvement

Any student can attend this exam, realized in July, similar in its content to the previous exam and with the same duration, 240 minutes. The final classification will be obtained substituting the classification of the written exam by the classification of this special exam.

Observations

Any student has the right to request the reevaluation of any of the three works realized during the academic year. Nonetheless, we appeal to the common sense of the students in order to avoid an excessive amount of work.