Human Histology and Embryology

Code:

MT202

Acronym:

H_EMB

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2004/2005 - A

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Microscopy
Course/CS Responsible:	Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MED	116	Plano oficial a partir de 2003	2	6		-

Objectives

This subject is intended for teaching the structure of tissues, organs and systems, at the levels of either light microscopy or electron microscopy (transmission and scanning). The other fundamental aim is the teaching of the histophysiology. Thus, the bases for a better understanding of Physiology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Neuroanatomy and Pathology are furnished. The practical component consists of the study, under the light microscope, using several staining techniques, of the tissues and organs. Some weeks before the end of the year, it is lectured a Human Embryolgy module (under descriptive grounds), preparing the students for the study of Obstetrics (taking into account the teaching of the clinical relationships mother-foetus) and of Pedriatics (bearing in mind the examination of newborn babies, for detecting anomalies that require urgent corrections). Under the grounds of the General Clinics, the Embryology module gives a strong and prioritary emphasis on the danger of prescribing drugs with teratogenic effects.

Program

1) HISTOLOGY
a) GENERAL HISTOLOGY: Presentation lecture. Introduction to the study of Histology (with some relevant historical background). Epithelium, connective tissue (in general), adipous tissue, cartilage, bone and osteogenesis, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, blood. Cellular ageing and cellular death (including action of free radicals).
b) ESPECIAL HISTOLOGY: Bone marrow and hemopoiesis, introduction to the study of the immune system, lymphoid organs, circulatory system, skin and appendages, digestive tract and acessory glands, respiratory system, urinary system, endocrine glands, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, mammary gland, eye, ear.
2) EMBRYOLOGY MODULE
a) GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY: Introduction to the study of Embryology (with brief historical background which includes the evolution of contraceptive methods and cloning - Dolly story). Gametogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, cleavage, morula, blastula and implantation. Bilaminar germ disk. Short historical analysis of in vitro fertilization. Parthenogenesis. Cesarian section and its history. Gastrulation and the formation of the trilaminar germ disk. Embryological periods: pre-embryonic period; embryonic period; foetal period. Embryonic adnexa (foetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord. Teratology and brief description of the most common malformations. Brief history of three cases of conjoined twins: the siamese brothers (Chang & Eng); the Bijani sisters (from Iran); and the Ibrahim brothers (from Egypt). Embryology, Anatomy and Evolution: phylogenetic recapitulation and the theories of Ernst Haeckel, homomorphy, homology, analogy and neoteny.
b) ESPECIAL EMBRYOLOGY: skeletal system, muscle system, serous cavities, cardiovascular system, digestive system, head and neck (including formation of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus and parafollicular cells), ear, eye, skin and appendages, central nervous system (including the formation of the pineal gland), peripheral nervous system (including the formation of the adrenal glands). Urinary sistem. Reproductive system. Brief historical background about hermaphroditism, pseudo-hermaphroditism, transexuality (including sex change operations), homosexuality, eunucoidism (including castrati) and travestism.

Main Bibliography

1) HISTOLOGIA BÁSICA (Junqueira & Carneiro), 10ª ed., Guanabara Koogan, 2004 (ISBN: 85-277-0906-6).

2) COLOR ATLAS OF CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY, AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (Wolfgang Kuehnel), Thieme, 2003 (ISBN: 3-13-562404-8).
or
ATLAS COLORIDO DE HISTOLOGIA (Leslie P. Gartner & James L. Hiatt), 3ª ed., Guanabara Koogan, 2002 (ISBN: 85-277-0712-8).

3) LANGMAN EMBRIOLOGIA MÉDICA (T. W. Sadler), 7ª ed., Williams & Wilkins, 1995 (ISBN: 85-277-0420-X).

4) Manual of Laboratory Demonstrations (edited by the Chair).

Complementary Bibliography

Guides for the study of lectures (edited by the Chair).

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures and Laboratory demonstrations.

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Eligibility for exams

Only in connection with the laboratory demonstrations. The frequency attaining is positive in case the student has not missed 1/3 of the programmed demonstrations.

Calculation formula of final grade

(theoretical score x 0.6) + (practical score x 0.4). Minimum final score: 9,5 values (= 10 values) in a scale of 20.