Epidemiology and Biostatistics I

Code:

MD1104

Acronym:

EB I

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physical Sciences

Instance: 2011/2012 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mestrado Integrado
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master in Dental Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMD	90	PLANO OFICIAL 2007/2008 BOLONHA	1	-	5	72	135

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The acquisition of concepts and principles underlying the scientific spirit, is the first priority, to be followed by the acquisition of skills for scientific production.
To this end, the students should be able to: conduct literature searches (mastery of methodologies and sources), to implement the research design (integration of objectives, hypotheses and statistical methods), interpreting results based on mathematical calculations and be able to disclose.
Finally, training for scientific work, multidisciplinary, and the skills to get more interaction.

Program

1. Computer Applications

1.1. Statistical analysis on graphing calculator
1.2. Statistical analysis in Excel
1.3. Statistical Analysis in SPSS
1.3.1. Definition of variables
1.3.2. Definition of a variable in terms of other
1.3.3. Import external files
1.3.4. Elementary statistics of a numeric variable
1.3.5. Statistical parameters
1.3.6. Frequency tables
1.3.7. Graph
1.3.8. Formatting a chart for a specific function
1.3.9. Adjustment of a variable to a probability distribution function

II. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

1. Concepts and basics
1.1. Objectives of Epidemiology
1.2. Demography
1.3. Illness
1.4. The origin of diseases. Natural history and evolution.
1.5. Diseases
1.5.1. infectious
1.5.2. Chronicles
1.6. Signs and symptoms

2. Levels of prevention for the disease

3. Measuring disease
3.1. Qualitative methods
3.2. Quantitative Methods (Fees)
3.2.1. Indicators of morbidity
3.2.2. Indicators of mortality
3.3. Standardization of rates


4. Epidemiology of infectious diseases.
4.1. Agents of infection
4.2. Transmission processes
4.3. Chain of infection
4.4. Outbreaks and Epidemics.

5. Epidemiological studies
5.1. Observational
5.2. Experimental

6. Risk indicators

7. Error
7.1. Random
7.2. Systematic


8. Association and causality
8.1. Types of associations.
8.2. Spurious associations
8.3. Confounders
8.4. The cause - the philosophical perspective, medical and epidemiological.
8.5. Sufficient cause, and the necessary causal factors.
8.6. Criteria for causality

III. Biostatistics

1. Introduction to Statistics
1.1. Objectives statistics
1.2. Population and sample
1.3. Stages of statistical analysis

2. Descriptive Statistics
2.1. Variables and scales
2.2. Characterization of univariate samples
2.2.1. Statistics
2.2.2. Graphical representations
2.3. Characterization of bivariate samples
2.3.1. Qualitative
2.3.2. Quantitative

3. Random variables
3.1. Discrete: function of probability distribution function of probabilities.
3.2. Continuous probability density function, probability distribution function.
3.3. Brief reference to the parameters of probability distributions.



4. Characterization of theoretical probability distributions univariate
4.1. Discrete
4.1.1. Binomial Distribution
4.1.2. Poisson Distribution
4.2. Continuous
4.2.1. Uniform distribution
4.2.2. Normal Distribution
4.2.3. Student t Distribution
4.2.4. Distribution Z (Normal typed)
4.3. Transformation Z

5. Sampling
5.1. Sampling techniques
5.1.1. Random or probabilistic
5.1.2. Directed
5.2. Sampling Distributions
5.2.1. Distribution of sample mean
5.2.2. Expected value and variance
5.3. Central limit theorem
5.3.1. Consequences on the normal approximations of distributions

6. Estimate
6.1. Estimators and Estimates
6.2. Properties of estimators
6.3. Brief reference to the methods of estimation


7. Interval estimate
7.1. Concept Confidence Interval
7.1.1. CI for the mean
7.1.2. IC binomial proportion
7.1.3. IC of the variance of a pop. normal
7.2. Sizing Sample


8. Hypothesis testing
8.1. Theoretical
8.1.1. Delineation of the hypotheses
8.1.2. Selection of the test statistic T
8.1.3. Decision rule and significance level (α), evidential value (p)
8.1.4. Error type I and II. Power test
8.1.5. Relationship between hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

9. Z - Test for a population
9.1. Test for an average
9.2. Test for a proportion

10. Hypothesis testing for two populations
10.1 Tests for comparing two populations: Z - Test and Zpar
10.2 Tests for comparing two populations: t – Test and t par

Mandatory literature

Daniel Wayne W.; Biostatistics. ISBN: 978-0471-45654-4
Jekel James F.; Epidemiologia, bioestatística e medicina preventiva. ISBN: 85-363-0296-8
Stone D; Armstrong R; Macrina D; Pankau J; Introdução à Epidemiologia, McGraw Hill, 1999. ISBN: 972-773-002-7
Beaglehole R.; Epidemiologia básica. ISBN: 85-7288-189-1

Complementary Bibliography

Gordis Leon; Epidemiology. ISBN: 978-1-4160-4002-6

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and theoretician-practical lessons - Two weekly hours.
Practical lessons - Two weekly hours.
Times of study and work of inquiry - Three weekly hours and half.
Theoretical and theoretician-practical lessons - Two weekly hours.
Practical lessons - Two weekly hours.
Times of study and work of inquiry - Three weekly hours and half.

Software

Spss

keywords

General programmes > Basic programmes > Basic programmes
General programmes > Basic programmes
General programmes > Basic programmes
Health sciences
Social Sciences, Commerce and Law > Basic programmes

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	60,00
Presentation of preliminary report of statistical analysis	Defesa pública de dissertação, de relatório de projeto ou estágio, ou de tese	2,00		2012-01-09
Presentation of report of statistical analysis	Defesa pública de dissertação, de relatório de projeto ou estágio, ou de tese	2,00		2012-01-20
Testing for competence assessment	Exame	2,00		2012-01-30
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

All classes are subject to the faults.

To obtain frequency students will have less than 1 / 4 faults in relation to the total number of classes taught in the school year or result in the previous academic year.

Calculation formula of final grade

Normal Season:

The evaluation system consists of the procedural method of assessment, summative and discontinuous, spread over four times, only for students in the discipline often this year.

Moments of discontinuous and summative assessment:

1st Time Evaluation - Practical (P1). Individual interview and a brief discussion of the preliminary results of a report by statistical analysis (4.5% price);



2nd Moment of assessment - Practical (P2). Delivery of the RAE (40.5% price);
Consists of making an analytical report based on a database in which you want to achieve several objectives with different gradients of complexity. It is intended that the student perform descriptive analysis, using the relevant graphs, frequency tables and statistical indicators (2 values).
Second, it is intended, based upon the graphical and tabular, the student is capable of an individual analysis of the variables under study (7 values). Then, we try to assess the ability to compare variables and investigate relationships (7 values). Finally, we wish to conjecture that explanatory hypotheses from the previous results and to propose new studies (4 points).


3rd Moment - Written test (T1) 2 hours (price 45%);

4 rd Moment - Attendance (quotation stratified in relation to attendance, in addition to the mandatory minimum and a maximum of two values - 10%).

The approval is made to depend on a minimum grade of 9.0 values at any one of the first three stages of evaluation described.


Formula assessment procedure, discontinuous and summative:


Final assessment = 0,45*T1 + 0,045*P1 + 0,405*P2+0,1*Coefficient of attendance




Students often in the previous year

Students often failed in the previous year and obtain approval to test (T1), lasting two hours, where the proposed objectives will be evaluated at the beginning of the semester and the marks obtained in the RAE for the previous year (P2). The approval is made to depend on a minimum grade of 9.0 values to any of the two evaluation periods described.

Final evaluation = 0,5*T1 + 0,5*P2


Season of Appeal:

Will be submitted to the Examination Appeals students without prior approval and which have more than 25% of faults in relation to the lessons given (taking frequency arising out of or in previous years).
This method of evaluation consists of an examination (two hours) and a practical exam (1 hour) not subject to minimum grade.



Formula assessment exam feature:

Resource Assessment Final Exam = 0,75T + 0,25P

Examinations or Special Assignments

Consists (RAE) of making an analytical report based on a database in which you want to achieve several objectives with different gradients of complexity. It is intended that the student perform descriptive analysis, using the relevant graphs, frequency tables and statistical indicators (2 values).
Second, it is intended, based upon the graphical and tabular, the student is capable of an individual analysis of the variables under study (7 values). Then, we try to assess the ability to compare variables and investigate relationships (7 values). Finally, we wish to conjecture that explanatory hypotheses from the previous results and to propose new studies (4 points).

Classification improvement

Resource Assessment Final Exam = 0,75T + 0,25P