Ecotoxicity of bioinsecticide spinosad to soil organisms: Commercial formulation versus active ingredient

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2025

Authors

Moreira, A (Author) Other; Nogueira, V (Author) FCUP; Bouguerra, S (Author) Other; Antunes, SC (Author) FCUP; Rodrigues, S (Author) Other

Journal

The Journal is awaiting validation by the Administrative Services.

Title: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY

Vol. 287

ISSN: 1532-0456

Indexing

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Other information

Authenticus ID: P-017-ABB

DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110056

Abstract (EN): Spintor (R) (SPIT (R)) is a commercial formulation of a bioinsecticide with the active ingredient Spinosad (SPIN). Despite the efforts of regulatory agencies, there still is a lack of information regarding short- and long-term exposures to soil-dwellers, as well as effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of SPIT (R) and SPIN, on the oligochaete Eisenia fetida, and the arthropod Folsomia candida. For this, natural soil was spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations (0.00-1.49 mg of the active ingredient & sdot;kg- 1 of dry soil) to assess avoidance behaviour in E. fetida and reproduction effects on both species. Further, in E. fetida adults exposed for 2- and 28-day biomarkers of oxidative stress, energetic reserves, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated. A significant reduction in juvenile production for F. candida was observed for SPIT (R) at >= 0.66 mg kg- 1 and SPIN at >= 0.13 mg kg- 1, and although no effect was observed on E. fetida reproduction, the oligochaeta revealed a tendency to avoid soil spiked with SPIT (R) at 0.44, 0.66 and 1.49 mg kg- 1. The sub-individual responses of E. fetida demonstrate genotoxicity upon exposure to SPIT (R) and SPIN for 2 days. The 2-day exposures of SPIT (R) and SPIN seem to induce defence mechanisms, and in general, SPIN exerted higher effects than SPIT (R) on the oligochaetes. Overall, the pro-oxidant performance and energy metabolism pathways were disrupted in both exposures to SPIT (R) and SPIN. The results suggest that spinosynsbased products can have an impact on soil arthropods F. candida and oligochaete's health, possibly affecting their essential functions in terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 15