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Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of gastric cancer

Title
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of gastric cancer
Type
Thesis
Year
2021-06-09
Authors
Soraia Gonçalves Pereira Rodrigues
(Author)
FMUP
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Scientific classification
FOS: Medical and Health sciences
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Resumo (PT): O cancro gástrico (GC) é o quinto cancro mais incidente e o quarto mais mortal em todo o mundo. O CG é uma doença heterogénea do ponto de vista histológico e molecular. Esta neoplasia é diagnosticada principalmente em estádios avançados da doença, onde as intervenções terapêuticas disponíveis não são eficazes. O aparecimento da imunoterapia transformou o panorama do tratamento do cancro, incluindo do GC e, atualmente, inibidores dos checkpoints imunológicos foram aprovados para o tratamento de doentes com GC recorrente ou metastático. Esta revisão resume os principais ensaios clínicos que avaliam o uso de inibidores dos checkpoints imunológicos em GC. Neste artigo destaca-se ainda o potencial da expressão de PD-L1 e da carga mutacional tumoral, bem como de aspetos característicos da classificação molecular do GC, como a instabilidade de microssatélites e a infeção pelo vírus Epstein-Barr, como biomarcadores preditivos da resposta terapêutica ao bloqueio do eixo PD-1 / PD-L1 no GC.
Abstract (EN): Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most incident and the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. GC is a heterogeneous disease from the histological and molecular standpoints. This malignancy is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, where the available therapeutic interventions are not effective. The emergence of immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, including GC, and currently immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic GC. This review summarizes the main clinical trials evaluating the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC. It also highlights the potential of biomarkers for patient selection for GC immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden, and characteristics of the GC molecular classification, such as microsatellite instability status and Epstein-Barr virus infection, as predictors of response to blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
Language: English
No. of pages: 43
License type: Click to view license CC BY-NC
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Total_SORAIA Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of gastric cancer 1791.44 KB
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