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Psychosocial adjustment, psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease

Title
Psychosocial adjustment, psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease
Type
Article in International Scientific Journal
Year
2013
Authors
Coelho, Rosália
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Teixeira, Flávio
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Silva, Ana
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Vaz, Cláudia
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Vieira, Daniela
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Proença, Cidália
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Moura, Cláudia
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Viana, Victor
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Areias, José
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Areias, Maria
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Journal
Vol. 32 No. 9
Pages: 657-664
ISSN: 0870-2551
Indexing
Scientific classification
FOS: Medical and Health sciences > Clinical medicine
CORDIS: Health sciences ; Health sciences > Medical sciences > Medicine > Cardiology
Other information
Authenticus ID: P-008-HM2
Resumo (PT): Objetivos Caracterizar a população de adolescentes e jovens adultos com cardiopatias congénitas ( CC ) ao nível do seu ajustamento psicossocial e morbilidade psiquiátrica, bem como avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV), para perceber quais são as variáveis com impacto na vida e na adaptação à doença. População e métodos Participaram 74 pacientes com CC, sendo 41 do sexo masculino e 33 do sexo feminino, com idades entre 12-26 (média = 18,76 ± 3,86). Foram recolhidos os dados demográficos e clínicos mais relevantes dos pacientes e foi aplicado um conjunto de instrumentos, incluindo uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre tópicos de suporte social, estilo de educação na família, autoimagem e limitações físicas, uma entrevista psiquiátrica estandardizada e questionários para avaliar o ajustamento psicossocial na forma de autorrelato (YSR e ASR) e relato dos cuidadores (CBCL e ABCL), bem como um questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF). Resultados O sexo feminino relatou mais ansiedade/depressão (u = 952,500; p = 0,003), alterações do pensamento (u = 929,500; p = 0,005) e comportamento agressivo (u = 999,000; p = 0,000). Pacientes com CC complexas relataram mais alterações de pensamento (u = 442,000; p = 0,027) e internalização (u = 429,000; p = 0,021). Comparativamente com a população portuguesa, os nossos participantes apresentaram melhor QV nos domínios relações sociais (t = 2,333; p = 0,022) e ambiente (t = 3,754; p = 0,000). Os pacientes que não foram submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas revelaram melhor QV nos domínios físico (t = −1,989; p = 0,050), de relações sociais (t = −2,012; p = 0,048) e QV geral (u = 563,000; p = 0,037). A presença de um melhor suporte social está relacionada com uma melhor QV nos pacientes em todos os domínios avaliados, com destaque para o físico (t = 3,287; p = 0,002) e relações sociais (t = 3,669; p = 0,000). Um melhor desempenho académico encontrava-se também associado com uma melhor perceção de QV global (u = 457 000; p = 0,046), com menos tendência ao isolamento (u = 812.500; p = 0,031), menos sentimentos de ansiedade e de depressão (u = 854 000; p = 0,009), menos problemas de atenção (u = 903 500; p = 0,001), e valores mais baixos de internalização (u = 817 000; p = 0,029) e de externalização (u = 803 500; p = 0,042). As limitações físicas tinham um efeito nocivo no QV (u = 947 500; p = 0,001). Discussão As participantes do sexo feminino evidenciaram pior ajustamento psicossocial e maior propensão à psicopatologia. As CC complexas exigem mais cuidados regulares, limitando o contacto social com pares, a integração escolar e de lazer, e dificultando a adaptação. A realização de cirurgias influencia a QV dos pacientes, pela exigência de mais cuidados médicos, induzindo maiores limitações na sua vida diária, o que dificulta a aquisição de uma rede de suporte social satisfatória. Conclusões Os pacientes com CC evidenciaram uma maior tendência a apresentar psicopatologia, sendo o sexo feminino mais predisposto a sofrer com os efeitos do desajustamento psicossocial. O suporte social revelou um papel preponderante no ajustamento dos doentes.
Abstract (EN): Objectives We aimed to study the psychosocial adjustment (PSA), psychiatric morbidity and quality of life of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) to determine which demographic and clinical variables negatively affect adjustment and which increase resilience. Methods The study included 74 patients with CHD, 41 male and 33 female, aged between 12 and 26 years (mean 18.76±3.86). Demographic information and a complete clinical history were obtained. The participants were interviewed regarding social support, family environment, self-image and physical limitations. A standardized psychiatric interview was conducted, and self-report questionnaires were administered for assessment of PSA (Youth Self Report and Adult Self Report) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life – Short Version). A caregiver completed an observational version of the PSA questionnaire (Child Behavior Checklist or Adult Behavior Checklist). Results Female participants showed more feelings of anxiety and depression (U=952.500; p=0.003), thought problems (U=929.500; p=0.005) and aggressive behavior (U=999.000; p=0.000). They also showed a higher rate of psychopathology. Patients with complex forms of CHD reported more thought problems (U=442.000; p=0.027) and internalization (U=429.000; p=0.021). Compared to the Portuguese population as a whole, participants showed better quality of life in the domains of social relationships (t=2.333; p=0.022) and environment (t=3.754; p=0.000). Patients who had undergone surgery had worse quality of life in physical terms (t=−1.989; p=0.050), social relationships (t=−2.012; p=0.048) and general quality of life (U=563.000; p=0.037), compared to those who were not operated. Better social support was associated with better quality of life in physical terms (t=3.287; p=0.002) and social relationships (t=3.669; p=0.000). Better school performance was also associated with better overall quality of life (U=457.000; p=0.046), less withdrawn behavior (U=812.500; p=0.031), fewer feelings of anxiety and depression (U=854.000; p=0.009), fewer attention problems (U=903.500; p=0.001), and lower scores for internalization (U=817.000; p=0.029) and externalization (U=803.500; p=0.042). Physical limitations had a detrimental effect on quality of life (U=947.500; p=0.001). Discussion Female participants were more prone to worse psychological adjustment and to psychopathology. Patients with complex forms of CHD showed worse PSA, as they need regular care, which restricts social contact with peers and family and integration in school and leisure activities. Patients who had undergone surgery showed worse quality of life as they often have long hospital stays, during which social activities are restricted, making it more difficult for them to develop a good social support network. They require close medical care, and the restrictions on their activities may be life-limiting. Their sense of survival may also be threatened. Conclusions Patients with CHD appear to be more prone to psychopathology and female patients are more likely to show worse PSA. Social support was shown to play a crucial role in buffering stress and promoting patients’ adjustment.
Language: English
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
Contact: victorviana@fcna.up.pt
Notes: <a href="http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=:000326416100003">Indexado na ISI Web of Science</a>
License type: Click to view license CC BY-NC
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