Biostatistics

Code:

MIMD010104

Acronym:

BIOE

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physical Sciences

Instance: 2025/2026 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mestrado Integrado
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master in Dental Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMD	4	Official Plan from the academic year 2020/2021	1	-	5	72	135

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The aim is to enable students to carry out statistical analysis, interpretation and publishing results. For this, students are expected to distinguish the measurement scales and interpret the different types of measurement errors, to estimate statistical parameters, to perform hypothesis tests by parametric and non-parametric methods for one and two populations.

Learning outcomes and competences

As learning outcomes students are expected to gain analytical and critical capacity from the statistical results of analyzes carried out or resulting from published articles.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Basic concepts in statistic:

Statistic estimators

Randomized variables

  Discrets: Probabilistic function, probabilistic distribution functions

  Continuos: Probabilistic density functions, Probabilistic distribution functions

Caracterization of probabilistic theoretical  distributions

 Discrets:

Binomial distribution

Poisson distribution

 Continuos:

Normal distribution

t- Student distribution

Z-distribution

Confidence interval (CI) estimating parameters:

 CI for mean

 CI for binomial proportion

Principles and proprerties of hypothesis tests

 Z-test and t-student test  for one sample:

 One sample t-test

 One sample t-test for proportions

F-Snedecor test

Binomial test

Independent and paired samples t-test

Mandatory literature

Wayne W. Daniel, Chad L. Cross. ; Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 11ª Edition: Wiley. ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-119-49657-1.
A. Gouveia de Oliveira; Bioestatística descodificada. ISBN: 978-989-752-044-0
João Marôco; Análise estatística com o SPSS Statistics, ReporNumber, 2018. ISBN: 978-989-96763-5-0
Raul M. S. Laureano, Maria do Carmo Botelho; SPSS statistics: O meu manual de consulta rápida., 3ª Edição: Edições Sílabo, 2023

Teaching methods and learning activities

It will be taught theoretical-practical and practical laboratory lectures (supported by statistic software-SPSS). Using of moodle platform for pedagogical support, namely, self-assessment.

Software

SPSS

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Participação presencial	40,00
Exame	60,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	120,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Total:	180,00

Eligibility for exams

The practical classes are subject to the faults. To obtain frequency students will have less than 1 / 4 faults in relation to the number of classes taught in the school year.

Calculation formula of final grade

Normal season (EN):
The assessment system is made up of the procedural, continuous and summative assessment method, comprising two stages: 1st Assessment stage - Theoretical test (T) on the fundamentals of biostatistics (0.6 marks); 2nd Assessment stage - Productivity in statistical analysis in SPSS throughout the semester. Passing depends on a minimum mark of 10 in either of the two stages.

Final assessment formula in the normal period = 0.6*theoretical exam + 0.4*productivity - practical classes.

Continuous assessment (with exemption from practical exam):

All positive practical assessments - 14 points
One absence or one negative practical assessment - 13 points
Two absences or two negative practical assessments - 11 points
Three or more negative practical assessments or absences require a practical exam in analytical statistics - SPSS (Class model)
Normal season formula (No continuous assessment - with practical exam):
Classification with final exam = 0.5*theoretical exam + 0.5*practical exam (minimum 8 marks).

Appeal period (assessment with final exam):
Students who have not previously passed the exam and who have no more than 25 per cent of absences in relation to the classes given (obtaining attendance in the current) will be submitted to the Appeal Exam.
Students who have failed at least one of the two components of the EN. If only the missing component is taken, the positive mark obtained in the EN will be awarded to the component already passed.

This assessment method consists of a practical exam (P) and a theoretical exam (T).
Appeal period formula = 0.5 x Exam (T) + 0.5 x Assessment (P)
Practical assessment (P) - minimum mark of 8.0.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Special season exam = 0,5*P + 0,5*T

Classification improvement

Grade improvement (appeal period) - Requires two assessments, theoretical and practical. The better of the two final marks is awarded (normal or appeal period).

Formula for improvement (appeal period) = 0.5 x TP exam + 0.5 x practical assessment

Practical assessment - minimum 8.0 marks