Introduction to Medicine

Code:

MD1105

Acronym:

I M

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2010/2011 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mestrado Integrado
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master in Dental Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMD	90	PLANO OFICIAL 2007/2008 BOLONHA	1	-	2	36	54

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Understanding current medical trends and dilemmas by studying the evolution of medicine through times

Program

Prehistoric medicine: paleopathology, paleomedicine; the supernatural cause of disease and the medicine man.

Sumerian and Egyptian Medicine: magical-religious medicine; Sumerian medical documents; medical papyrus, paleopathology of the mummies.

Medicine in Ancient Greece: Asclepious religious medicine; scientific medicine – philosophical schools, medical schools, Hippocratic medicine.

Post-hippocratic medicine: the philosophers Plato and Aristotle; Alexandrian school – Herophilus and Erasistratus; Greek medicine in Rome – methodists, empiricists and pneumatists; Celsus.

Galen: bibliography and work (anatomy, physiology, pathology and therapeutics); the influence of Christian religion; Byzantine medicine.

Medieval medicine: contribution of Arab medicine; monastic medicine; Salerno medical school; the foundation of the Universities.

XIV century medicine: anatomy; medical astrology; the epidemics of plague, leprosy and ergotism; professional categories; diagnostic and therapeutics; famous surgeons.

Renaissance medicine: Vesalius’s anatomy; Ambroise Paré - the barber-surgeon; Girolamo Fracastoro and syphilis; Miguel Servet; Paracelsus; Portuguese contribution: Amatus Lusitanus and Garcia d`Orta.

XVII century medicine: medical journals and scientific societies; iatrophysics and iatroquemistry; William Harvey and blood circulation; the rise of microscopy – Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hook; Marcelo Malphigi and the cell; Thomas Sydenham, the English Hippocrates; Hermann Boerhaave and bedside teaching; Bernardino Ramazzini and occupational diseases; Obstetrics scientific development; new drugs in therapeutics.

XVIII century medicine: disease classification; the phlogiston theory of combustion; animism, vitalism, mecanicism; Antoine Lavoisier, father of Chemistry; social and scientific emancipation of surgery; John Hunter - the surgeon; Morgagni and Bichat–Tthe anatomo-clinical method; Pierre Fauchard and the independence of dentistry; Leopold Auenbrugger and chest percussion; Edward Jenner smallpox vaccine; William Withering study of digitalis; social medicine.

XIX century medicine: scientific progress – laboratory medicine; revolution in medical education, public health, the physiologists Claude Bernard and Pavlov; the pathologists Rudolf Virchow and Xavier Bichat; the clinicians; the contribution of Chemistry; Microbiology - Pasteur and Koch; Antiseptics – Lister, Semmelweiss, Halsted; the advent of Anaesthesia, Laennec and the invention of the stethoscope, Wilhelm Roentgen – the discovery of the X rays, Mendel and genetic laws.

Medicine of the first half of the XX century: Freud and psychoanalysis, new weapons against disease – Salvarsan (Paul Erlich), Prontosil (G. Domagk), Penicillin (Alexander Fleming); Christiaan Eijkman and Beri-beri; Blood groups – Karl Landsteiner; Mantoux test; the genes function and localization - Thomas Morgan; Insulin discovery by Banting and Best; Ernest Starling and secretin; the foundation of psychiatric surgery by Egas Moniz; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; the viral cause of yellow fever and the vaccine – Max Theiler; Humanitarian organizations.

Medicine of the second half of the XX century: Polio vaccine - Salk e Sabin; Envoid – the first anticonceptional pill; The genetic cause of disease; the DNA structure; Christian Barnard and the cardiac transplant; HLA system; artificial kidney; the pace-maker; in vitro fertilazation; new imaging diagnostic tools - ultrasound, CAT scan, MR; developments in fharmacology; new medical fields; the diseases of the century; ethical problems; modern medicine - characterization.

Mandatory literature

Jean-Charles Sournia; História da Medicina, Instituto Piaget
A. Tavares de Sousa; • Curso de História da Medicina. Das origens aos fins do século XVI. , Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Calculation formula of final grade

Final exam - 90%
Assiduity - 10%