Introduction to Medicine

Code:

MD1105

Acronym:

I M

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2008/2009 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master in Dental Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMD	95	PLANO OFICIAL 2007/2008 BOLONHA	1	-	2	36	54

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Understanding current medical trends and dilemmas by studying the evolution of medicine through times

Program

Prehistoric medicine
–Paleopathology
–Paleomedicine
–The supernatural cause of disease and the medicine man

Sumerian and Egyptian (first civilizations) Medicine
–Magical-religious medicine
–Sumerian medical documents
–Medical papyrus
–Paleopathology of the mummies

Medicine in Ancient Greece
–Asclepious religious medicine
–Scientific medicine – philosophical schools; medical schools
–Hippocratic medicine

Post-hippocratic medicine
–The philosophers Plato and Aristotle
–Alexandrian school – Herophilus and Erasistratus
–Greek medicine in Rome – methodists, empiricists and pneumatists
–Celsus

Galen
–Bibliography and work (anatomy, physiology, pathology and therapeutics)
–The influence of Christian religion
–Byzantine medicine

Medieval medicine
–Contribution of Arab medicine
–Monastic medicine
–Salerno medical school
–XIII century medicine – the Universities foundation

XIV century medicine
–Anatomy
–Medical astrology
–The epidemics of plague, leprosy and ergotism
–Professional categories
–Diagnostic and therapeutics
–Famous surgeons

Renaissance medicine
–Vesalius’s anatomy
–The barber-surgeon Ambroise Paré
–Girolamo Fracastoro and Syphilis
–Miguel Servet
–Paracelsus
–Portuguese contribution: Amatus Lusitanus and Garcia d`Orta

XVII century medicine
–Medical journals and scientific societies
–Iatrophysics and iatroquemistry
–William Harvey and blood circulation
–The rise of microscopy – Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hook
–Marcelo Malphigi and the cell
–Thomas Sydenham, the English Hippocrates
–Hermann Boerhaave and bedside teaching
–Bernardino Ramazzini and occupational diseases
–Obstetrics scientific development
–New drugs in therapeutics

XVIII century medicine
–Disease classification
–The phlogiston theory of combustion
–Animism, vitalism, mecanicism
–Antoine Lavoisier, father of Chemistry
–Social and scientific emancipation of surgery
–The surgeon John Hunter
–The anatomo-clinical method – Morgagni and Bichat
–Pierre Fauchard and the independence of dentistry
–Chest percussion – Leopold Auenbrugger
–Edward Jenner smallpox vaccine
–William Withering study of digitalis
–Social medicine

XIX century medicine
–Scientific progress – laboratory medicine
–Revolution in medical education
–Public health
–The physiologists Claude Bernard and Pavlov
–The pathologists Rudolf Virchow and Xavier Bichat
–The clinicians
–The contribution of Chemistry
–Microbiology - Pasteur and Koch
–Antiseptics – Lister, Semmelweiss, Halsted
–The advent of Anaesthesia
–Laennec and the invention of the stethoscope
–Wilhelm Roentgen – the discovery of the X rays
–Mendel and genetic laws

Medicine of the first half of the XX century
–Freud and psychoanalysis
–New weapons against disease – Salvarsan (Paul Erlich), Prontosil (G. Domagk), Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)
–Christiaan Eijkman and Beri-beri
–Blood groups – Karl Landsteiner
–Mantoux test
–The genes function and localization - Thomas Morgan
–Insulin discovery by Banting and Best
–Ernest Starling and secretin
–The foundation of psychiatric surgery by Egas Moniz
–Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
–The viral cause of yellow fever and the vaccine – Max Theiler
–Humanitarian organizations

Medicine of the second half of the XX century
–Polio vaccine - Salk e Sabin
–Envoid – the first anticonceptional pill
–The genetic c

Mandatory literature

Jean-Charles Sournia; História da Medicina, Instituto Piaget
A. Tavares de Sousa; • Curso de História da Medicina. Das origens aos fins do século XVI. , Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Calculation formula of final grade

Short papers on reading assignments – 3
Class participation – 3
Group paper – 6
Final exam – 8

Examinations or Special Assignments

5 students group paper on “Hippocrates – Father of Medicine”