Physiology I

Code:

MD2302

Acronym:

F I

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2012/2013 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mestrado Integrado
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Master in Dental Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIMD	89	PLANO OFICIAL 2007/2008 BOLONHA	2	-	5	72	135

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Medical physiology explores organic function in the different grades of its organization, from the sub cellular level to the organism itself.
The Course Unit Physiology I has the following objectives:
- Give to "Medicina Dentária" students basic knowledge to permit comprehension of the mechanisms of body function (organic systems and its integrated assessment;
- Instigate the discussion about the effect of multiple perturbations in organic balance (homeostasis) by simulation and / or case problem solving;
- Stimulate critical attitude and rational interpretation of physiologic concepts
- Stimulate study and information integration capacity, essential qualities for the application of an evidence based Medicine

Program

Introduction
- Organization and composition of Human Body; Homeostasis
- Cell membrane structure; Movement of molecules across cell membranes; chemical and electric control of cellular function; electrochemical balance; action potentials and graded potentials

Nervous system physiology
- Structure; neurons and glial cells, Neurotransmitters; excitatory and inhibitory synapses; temporal and spacial summation
- Sensory system: Stimulus intensity and location determination; Central control of afferent information; somatic sensation; Dorsal column-medial lemniscus and anterolateral pathways; somatosensory cortex - somatotopic organization; pain and temperature sensation
- Special senses; specificities; neuronal pathways
- Efferent division of nervous system: spinal cord; alpha / gama motor neurons; muscle spindle and myotatic reflex; primary motor cortex and association areas; basal ganglia; cerebellar cortex; corticospinal, corticobulbar and descending brainstem pathways; muscle tone; dystonia; balance and gait analysis
- Autonomic nervous system: Control centers; global functions; main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
- Higher functions of the nervous systems: States of consciousness; electroencephalogram; sleep - phases and functions; conscious experiences; selective attention; motivation; emotions; learning and memory; language (Wernicke and Broca areas)
- Nervous system pathophysiology

Muscular system physiology
- Organization; Motor unit; Muscular contraction bioenergetics; Muscular relaxation; Striated, cardiac and smooth muscle

Endocrine system physiology
- General principles; Hormones - synthesis, secretion, regulation and mechanism of action; Control systems involving the hypothalamus and pituitary; TSH, ACTH, GH, LH and FSH - structure, mechanism of hormone action and regulation; vasopressin and oxytocin
- Thyroid gland - Anatomy and histology; Thyroid hormones; Iodine metabolism
- Parathyroid and calcium / phosphate metabolism - Bone structure and remodeling; Parathyroid hormone, D vitamin, calcitonin; calcium, phosphate and magnesium homeostasis
- Adrenal glands; Adrenal cortex and medulla hormones; adrenal gland function regulation
- Endocrine system pathophysiology

Blood and hemostasis physiology
- Erythrocytes: Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 metabolism; Hemoglobin; Anemia - major causes and consequences; Polycythemia
- Leukocytes: Leukocyte extravasation, chemoattraction and phagocytosis; Leukocyte production and differentiation; Leukocytes - different types and characteristics; Reticuloendothelial system; Inflammation; leucopenia and leukocytosis; Inate and acquired Immunity; B and T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells and memory cells; AIDS; Complement; Anergy; Auto-immunity and allergy
- Platelets and hemostasis: Hemostasis and specific involved mechanisms; Platelests; Blood coagulation - intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; Endothelium; Fibrinolysis; Vitamin K function; Trombocytosis, Thrombocytopenia and prothrombotic states; Intravascular disseminated coagulation
- Blood test results: Interpretation and analysis

Renal physiology
- Homeostatic regulation of the water and inorganic ion composition of the internal environment; Kidney functions; Kidney anatomy and physiology; Juxtaglomerular apparatus (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis); Basic renal processes
- Forces involved in glomerular filtration; Effects of the sympathetic nervous system, hormones and auto-regulation; Glomerular filtration rate
- Tubular secretion and reabsortion; metabolism by the tubules; Role of the different tubular segments; Micturition
- Total-body balance of sodium and water; Acid-base balance; pH definition; pH buffer systems; Acidosis and alkalosis: Body response
Renal pathophysiology

Mandatory literature

Widmaier Eric P.; Vander.s human physiology. ISBN: 0-07-111677-X

Complementary Bibliography

Berne Robert M 340; Physiology. ISBN: 0-3230-3390-3
Boron Walter F.; Medical physiology. ISBN: 1-4160-2328-3
Guyton Arthur C.; Textbook of medical physiology. ISBN: 0-7216-0240-1
Anabela Mota Pinto; Fisiopatologia - Fundamentos e Aplicações, Lidel, 2007. ISBN: 978-972-757-429-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Weekly classes / student

1 theoretical class of 60 minutes
1 theoretical-practical class of 30 minutes and other of 60 minutes
1 practical class of 90 minutes

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Eligibility for exams

Minimum classification
Final exam: 5 values (max. 10)
Continuous evaluation: 1.4 values (max. 4)
3 Intermediate exams (minimum average of 3): 2.1 values (max. 6)

Minimal classification for approval = 10 values

Calculation formula of final grade

Final evaluation has 2 components: Continuous practical evaluation (P) and theoretical evaluation(T) calculated with this formula:
- Final evaluation = P+T

Practical evaluation (max. 10 values):
- Continuous evaluation by the teacher in the practical classes (max. 4 values)
- 3 Intermediate exames (2 values each = max. 6 values)

Theoretical evaluation (final written exam): 60 questions in 2 groups (40 multiple choice questions and 20 True/False questions) (max. 10 values)

Minimal classification for approval = 10 values

Observations

Main bibliography:
• Vander’s Human Physiology – The mechanisms of body function. Widmaier E P, Raff H, Strang KT. 11st edition. Mc Graw-Hill, 2006.

Complementary bibliography:
• Physiology- Berne MR, Levy NL, Koeppen BM, Stanton BA. 5th Ed. Mosby Inc., 2003
• Textbook of Medical Physiology. Guyton A. W.B. 10th edition. Saunders Company, 2000
• Medical Physiology. Boron W, Boulpaelp EL. 1st edition.Saunders 2003.
• Fisiopatologia - Fundamentos e Aplicações. Anabela Mota Pinto. Lidel, 2007