Electronics 2

Code:

EEC0027

Acronym:

ELEC2

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Electronics and Digital Systems

Instance: 2018/2019 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://moodle.fe.up.pt
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEEC	81	Syllabus	3	-	8	70	216

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

A primary objective of the course, the continuation of Electronics 1 -- in which a wide range of subjects was covered in a relatively shallow depth -- is the analysis and design of IC multistage broadband amplifiers, both with CMOS or BJT technology. The frequency response of the amplifiers is addressed in detail. Feedback, its basic topologies, characteristics and stability and compensation issues are also analyzed. The study and analysis of characteristics for some typical topologies with both BJT and CMOS, but also with hybrids - BICMOS

In sequence of the studies, the next step is to introduce digital circuits. The switching behavior of devices will be subject of analysis (switching from cut-off to conduction and vice-versa). A brief survey will be given on the different logic families, presenting not only the more recent, but as well as the others introduced in the past for a better perception of the reasons behind alterations suffered along the time.

Learning outcomes and competences

This course follows on electronics 1, completing the sequence of fundamental knowledge in electronic circuits for signal. Consequently, aims to provide students with concepts and techniques of analysis for differential and multi-stage amplifiers, frequency behavior and analysis with feedback. It also aims to give students design skills on these same circuits, by including this component in the laboratory work.

Finally, to complete basic training in electronics, a first approach is given to the behavior of devices and basic electronic circuits for digital systems.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Frequency response of devices and electronic circuits

• Introduction to frequency analyzis


• The amplifier at high frequency 


• The MOSFET at high frequency 


• intrinsic capacitance associated with the MOSFET gate MOSFET 


• Junction capacitors


• High frequency signal model 


• Behavior basic amplifier configurations with MOS at high frequencies 


• Common source at high frequencies 


• Method of time constants for high frequencies 


• Common source configuration with source resistance at high frequencies


• Common drain configuration at high frequencies


• Common gate configuration at high frequencies


• Numerical examples 


• Some additional notes 


• The BJT at high frequency 


• Intrinsic capacitances of the bipolar transistor 


• Pi model for high frequencies 


• BJT parameters for higher frequencies 


• Behavior of several basic configurations, with BJT, at high frequency 


• Numerical examples of circuits with BJT 


• Numerical examples for configurations with more than one transistor 


• Low frequency behavior of circuits, taking into account the coupling capacitors


• The amplifier at low frequencies


• Study of common source configuration for low frequencies.


• Study of common-emitter configuration, for lower frequencies


• Numerical example for analysis at low frequencies

Multistage amplifiers and constituent basic blocks 

• Motivation 


• Basic voltage amplifier cell 


• Input resistance 


• Voltage gain 


• Frequency response 


• Output Resistance 


• Differential input 


• Numerical examples 


• Basic blocks to improve the characteristics of amplifiers 


• Cascode configuration 


• Current mirror 


• Darlington 


• Differential pair 


• Use of current sources and active loads 


• Differential pair with current mirror as an active load

Feedback

• Introduction 


• General properties of feedback 


• Sensitivity to variations of the gain 


• Noise 


• Distortion 


• Effect of the feedback on the input and output equivalent resistors 


• Effect on the input resistance 


• Effect on output resistance 


• Conclusion 


• Feedback loop with real parameters 


• Voltage aampling feedback 


• Current aampling feedback 


• Numerical examples using discrete circuits with feedback 


• Voltage sampling and mixing in series: feedback from the 2nd colector to the 1st emitter 


• Voltage sampling and mixing in parallel 


• Voltage sampling and mixing in series: emitter follower 


• Effect of feedback on frequency response 


• Effect of feedback on an amplifier with two poles 


• Effect of the feedback on an amplifier with more than two poles 


• Stability of systems with feedback 


• Compensation of amplifiers with feedback 


• Analysis of the circuit in Fig. 11:30 


• Dominant pole compensation 


• Compensation with cancellation of a pole with a zero 


• Compensation with pole splitting 


• Compensation with change of the zero position 


• Conclusion

Operational Amplifier Circuits

• MOS OpAmp with two stages 


• MOS cascode opamp 


• The /41 OpAmp


• Small-signal analysis 


• Frequency response and "slew rate" 


• Modern design of OpAmp with BJT

Selected Topics in Electronics for Digital Systems

• Introduction 


• The junction diode when switching 


• The Schottky diode 


• The bipolar transistor when switching 


• The Ebers-Moll model 


• Operating modes of the bipolar transistor 


• The BJT in saturação. 


• Switching the bipolar transistor 


• Schottky transistors 


• The MOSFET transistor in switching 


• Brief history on IC digital families 


• DTL family 


• TTL family 


• The ECL family 


• The nMOS family 


• The CMOS family

Mandatory literature

Sedra, adel S., Smith, Keneth C.; Microelectronic Circuits, 6th Ed., Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN: 978-019-973851-9
Pedro Guedes de Oliveira & Dinis Santos; Apontamentos sobre eletrónica básica

Comments from the literature

Older editions of Sedra & Smith requires some content adaptation, but major attention should be paid to the order of the subjects that in many situations are organized in a different manner.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Laboratory Practice (each week, 2h accompanied by a professor plus two hours of autonomous work) where relatively complex lab work will be carried out, in the area of linear amplifiers (design based on a provided configuration, theoretical analysis, simulation, assembly and lab test).

During lab class with a presence of the professor, the first hour is to analyze and to clarify questions that students might have on the work started during the autonomous class. The following half hour the students should answer a quiz on the work developed, and the final half hour is to present and discuss the next lab assignment.

 

Software

MultiSIm

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Electronic engineering
Technological sciences > Engineering > Electrical engineering

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	50,00
Teste	20,00
Trabalho laboratorial	30,00
Total:	100,00

Eligibility for exams

The final grade is the weighted average of:

1. Lab component (30%) - L

• Participation during the classes (50%) and the results obtained in the quizzes proposed in the class. The quiz is about the work done in the autonomous work which is discussed during the first hour, and takes about 30min. The last half hour is used to explain what is to be done by the students in the following autonomous work. 

• This part of the evaluation procedure is obligatory for all the students. For the students with special situations the procedure may be discussed. 

• The grade obtained in this part will remain if the student is to attend this course in other years (no limit). However, the students may require to attend lab classes again in this case, the previous grade is automatically lost. 

• This evaluation will be limited to the grade of the examination plus 4 (in 20), each time the student applies to the examination, be it because he failed previously or because he wants to improve the grade. 

 

2. Two tests to be taken during the class period, the first around the 5th or 6th class week and the 2nd around the 9th our 10th week. Each test will be considered with a weight of 10% for the final grade. - M

 

3. Final exam with a weight that can vary between 50% and 70%. - E

• For regular students will, in general be 50%; 

• If a regular student misses one of the tests for a reason the professor considers justifiable, its percentage is moved to the final exam; 

• For students that have previously enrolled successfully in this course or students with some special situation, unless they take the tests again voluntarily, the exam will be weighted 70% 

Take notice that:

• The lab classes are compulsory and subjected to the legally established for missed classes. 

• A justified miss will not eliminate the weight of that class to the grading procedure. The students are invited to do the work in another class or in their own time, subjected to the authorization of the prof. 

• To apply to the final examination, the student has to active a minimum score of 8/20 in the lab grading. 

• The score obtained in the tests keeps its value, in the year it was taken, be in in the "normal" instantiation of final exam or in the rescuing instantiation. 

• Even if the student does the 2nd examination to improve the score, the same applies; if it is done in a different year, only the lab score is considered and the final exam is weighted at 70%.

Calculation formula of final grade

consider L1=min (L, E-4)

 

1. Regular students or students with a special situation having done the tests: 0,5*E+0,3*L1+0,2*M 

 

1. Students that missed one of the tests with a valid justification: 0,6*E+0,3*L1+0,1*M

 

1. Students that missed both tests, with a valid justification: 0,7*E+0,3*L1

 

Examinations or Special Assignments

None

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

0,7*E+0,3*L1

Classification improvement

 

1. Final grading: repetition of the final exam 

 

1. Distributed classification: Attend the lab classes again

 

Observations

Course contents will be posted on Moodle platform. In it will contain updated information that students should regularly consult. The information posted there is information that students must mandatorily know.