Environmental Chemistry

Code:

EMG0011

Acronym:

QA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Chemistry

Instance: 2012/2013 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mining Engineering Department
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Mining and Geo-Environmental Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
LCEEMG	21	Plano de estudos oficial a partir de 2008/09	2	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This subject aims to:
Study the physical and chemical properties of water and the chemical equilibria in natural aqueous systems. Present the main physical-chemical and biological parameters for evaluation of the quality of water and the most important treatment processes for contaminated water.
Present de first and second law of thermodynamics showing their application to the study of thermal effects in chemical processes and to the analysis of heat machines. Study and calculate the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids and describe phase equilibria.

Program

Water Chemistry
Structure and physical properties of water. Chemical reactions of water. Heavy water. Water cycle. Water pollution. Parameters for determine the quality of water and methods used for analysis. Water treatment. Chemical equilibria in natural waters: acid-base equilibria (dissolved carbon dioxide), complexation equilibria (metal ions in aqueous solution), precipitation and dissolution, oxidation-reduction, interface solid-solution.
Thermodynamics
Introduction. Basic concepts. The phase rule. Notion of equilibrium. Notion of ideal gas. Equation of state for ideal gases. The first law of thermodynamics. Notion of internal energy, enthalpy and heat capacity. Calculation of heat and PV work. Relationships for adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle for power plants and refrigeration. Concept of entropy and calculation of entropy for ideal gases. Properties of pure fluids. PVT diagrams and their projections. The virial equation of state. Notion of compressibility factor. Cubic equations of state: van der Waals and Redlich-Kwong equations. Equation of Antoine. Enthalpy and entropy for phase transition: Clapeyron, Riedel and Watson equations. Mixture of ideal gases. Ideal solutions – Coligative properties: cryoscopic depression, ebullioscopic elevation and osmotic pressure. Ideal solubility of solids in liquids. Phase equilibrium for ideal mixtures. Notion of Gibbs energy and chemical potential. Vapour-Liquid equilibrium: Raoult and Henry laws. Phase diagrams for vapour-liquid equilibrium.Thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium. Notion of standard heat of reaction, standard heat of formation and standard heat of combustion. Temperature effect on the heat of reaction – Kirchhoff law. Criteria for chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constants for ideal gas mixtures and ideal solutions. Van’t Hoff law. Mixtures of real gases and real solutions. Notion and calculation of residual properties. Coefficients of volume expansivity and isothermal compressibility. Expressions for calculating the enthalpy and entropy of liquids.

Mandatory literature

Barbosa, D.; Apontamentos de Termodinâmica, FEUP, 2006
Sawyer, Clair N.; Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. ISBN: 0-07-113908-7
Manahan, Stanley E.; Environmental chemistry. ISBN: 1-56670-633-5

Complementary Bibliography

Çengel, Yunus A.; Termodinâmica. ISBN: 972-773-097-3
Smith, J. M.; Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics. ISBN: 0-07-240296-2
Yaws, C.L.; Chemical Properties Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN: 159124028X (electronic bk.)
Stumm, Werner; Aquatic chemistry. ISBN: 0-471-51185-4
Valsaraj, K.T.; Elements of Environmental Engineering - Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Lewis Publishers, 2000. ISBN: 1-56670-397-2
Xavier Domènech, José Peral; Química Ambiental de Sistemas terrestres, Editorial reverté, Sa, 2006. ISBN: 84-291-7906-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes of exposition complemented with practical examples, and theoretical-practical classes of solving application problems related to the contents studied in theoretical classes.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	52,00
	Exame	2,00		2012-10-31
	Exame	2,00		2012-12-13
	Trabalho laboratorial	5,00		2012-10-18
	Defesa pública de dissertação, de relatório de projeto ou estágio, ou de tese	5,00		2012-10-25
	Total:	-	0,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
	Estudo autónomo	20	2012-12-12
	Estudo autónomo	40	2013-02-08
	Total:	60,00

Eligibility for exams

The student cannot exceed the absence limit contemplated in Article 4 of the General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final grade is the best mark obtained in final examinations.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

By examination.

Classification improvement

By examination.

Observations

Language of instruction: Portuguese.