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Agricultura familiar e proteção das culturas: abordagens tradicionais e proximidade com práticas de agricultura biológica

Title
Agricultura familiar e proteção das culturas: abordagens tradicionais e proximidade com práticas de agricultura biológica
Type
Article in National Scientific Journal
Year
2018
Authors
Costa, Cristina Amaro da
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Guiné, Raquel
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Correia, Helena Esteves
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Costa, Daniela Teixeira
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Costa, Telmo
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Parente, Cristina
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Pais, Celso
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Gomes, Mafalda
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Journal
Indexing
RCAAP
Scientific classification
CORDIS: Social sciences > Sociology
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Resumo (PT): Desde há quase um século, a proteção das culturas em explorações agrícolas familiares, tem vindo a juntar às práticas tradicionais, meios de proteção curativos para combater pragas, doenças e infestantes, em particular recorrendo ao uso de pesticidas. Estes agricultores assumem grande relevância territorial, económica e social em Portugal e a sociedade procura os seus produtos, em mercados e feiras locais, por entender que estão associados a práticas agrícolas com menores impactos na saúde e no ambiente e se aproximam do modo de produção biológico. Assim, procura-se identificar as práticas agrícolas da agricultura familiar, na componente de proteção das culturas, que podem ter impactos negativos no ambiente e na saúde humana e que se distanciam da agricultura biológica. A partir de um questionário (cheklist), aplicado a 125 agricultores familiares com explorações situadas em Portugal (Viseu, Braga e Barcelos) e Espanha (Pontevedra e Padron), identificaram-se as práticas agrícolas relacionadas com a proteção das culturas. Identificaram-se algumas práticas comuns com a agricultura biológica: diversidade cultural, consociações, rotação de culturas, seleção de variedades resistentes. Outras, como o pousio, intervenções em verde ou luta biotécnica, são utilizadas apenas por alguns agricultores familiares. Por outro lado, a luta química é utilizada pela maioria dos agricultores familiares.
Abstract (EN): For almost a century, crop protection on family farms has combined traditional practices with curative methods against pests, diseases and weeds, in particular the use of pesticides. These farmers have great territorial, economic and social relevance in Portugal, and the society seeks for their products in local markets, since they associate them with agricultural practices with lower impacts on health and the environment and close to the organic farming concept. Thus, we aim to identify the agricultural practices adopted by family farmers, in the crop protection component, which may have negative impacts on the environment and human health, and which are distant from organic farming. Using a questionnaire (cheklist), applied to 125 family farmers with farms located in Portugal (Viseu, Braga and Barcelos) and Spain (Pontevedra and Padron), the agricultural practices related to crop protection were identified. Some common practices with organic farming were identified: cultural diversity, consociations, crop rotation, and selection of resistant varieties. Others, such as fallow, green interventions or biotechnology protection methods, are only used by some family farmers. On the other hand, chemical control is used by most family farmers.
Language: Portuguese
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
Documents
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17086-Texto do manuscrito-57594-1-10-20190310 536.55 KB
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