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Renal failure due to primary amyloidosis: a case report and literature review.

Title
Renal failure due to primary amyloidosis: a case report and literature review.
Type
Article in International Scientific Journal
Year
2011
Authors
Ramon Andrade de Mello
(Author)
Other
The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. Without AUTHENTICUS Without ORCID
Dania Sofia Marques Santos
(Author)
Other
The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. Without AUTHENTICUS Without ORCID
Margarida Freitas-Silva
(Author)
Other
The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. Without AUTHENTICUS Without ORCID
Joaquim Andrade
(Author)
Other
The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. The person does not belong to the institution. Without AUTHENTICUS Without ORCID
Journal
Vol. 129 No. 3
Pages: 176-180
ISSN: 1516-3180
Indexing
Publicação em ISI Web of Science ISI Web of Science
Pubmed / Medline
Scientific classification
FOS: Medical and Health sciences > Clinical medicine
CORDIS: Health sciences > Medical sciences > Medicine > Haematology
Other information
Resumo (PT): CONTEXTO: A amiloidose primária, também conhecida como amiloidose AL, é geralmente causada pela expansão clonal de plasmócitos na medula óssea que segregam cadeias leves de imunoglobulina clonal, as quais se depositam nos tecidos na forma de fibrilas amiloides insolúveis. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de amiloidose primária com acometimento renal diagnosticado no Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal, enfatizando as dificuldades do diagnóstico e apresentando uma revisão da literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Homem de 68 anos, branco, foi admitido no Serviço de Medicina Interna do hospital com quadro de anasarca e síndrome nefrótica. Após realizar biópsia renal, que foi positiva para o vermelho congo e imunoistoquímica, foi diagnosticada amiloidose de cadeia leve lambda. Evoluiu para doença renal terminal, o que levou a hemodiálise e tendo vários episódios de infecções urinárias e do cateter. Iniciou a quimioterapia com bortezimib, 0,7 mg/m2, e dexametasona, 40 mg em seis ciclos, levando a uma melhoria clínica, a estabilização da doença e boa tolerância ao tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Amiloidose consiste em uma entidade rara e de difícil diagnóstico. Isso ocorre devido a manifestações clínicas da doença pouco específicas, e esta hipótese só é considerada quando do acometimento de um órgão em particular. O caso em questão refere-se a uma apresentação da amiloidose primária com envolvimento renal, como apresentação clínica inicial da doença, e as dificuldades desde a abordagem clínica até o diagnóstico final.
Abstract (EN): CONTEXT: Primary amyloidosis, also known as AL amyloidosis, is commonly caused by clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow, thereby segregating light chains of clonal immunoglobulin that settle in tissues in the form of insoluble amyloid fibrils. The aim of this study was to report a case of primary amyloidosis with renal failure, diagnosed in Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal, focusing on the diagnostic difficulties and presenting a literature review. CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old white man was admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the hospital with a condition of anasarca and nephrotic syndrome. After performing a renal biopsy that tested positive using Congo red and immunohistochemistry, lambda light chain amyloidosis was diagnosed. This evolved into terminal renal disease, which led to hemodialysis and several episodes of urinary and catheter infections. He was started on chemotherapy, consisting of bortezomib 0.7 mg/m2 and dexamethasone 40 mg in six cycles. This led to clinical improvement, stabilization of the illness and good tolerance of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Amyloidosis is a rare entity that is difficult to diagnose. This is because of the unspecific early clinical manifestations of the disease. The hypothesis of amyloidosis is only considered when specific organ failure occurs. This case consisted of primary amyloidosis with involvement of the kidneys as an initial presentation of the disease and its difficulties were shown, going from the clinical approach to the final diagnosis.
Language: English
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
Contact: ramonmello@med.up.pt
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