New confinement index and new perspective for comparing countries- COVID-19

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2021

Authors

Da Costa, JP (Author) FCUP; Garcia, A (Author) Other

Journal

Title: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

Vol. 210

ISSN: 0169-2607

Publisher: Elsevier

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 1 Citation

Scopus - 1 Citation

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00V-A4M

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106346

Abstract (EN): Background and objective: In the difficult problem of comparing countries regarding their lockdown mea-sures or deaths caused by the COVID-19, there is still no agreement on what is the best strategy to follow. Thus, we propose a new way of comparison countries that avoids the main difficulties in the comparison by using three-dimensional trajectories for this type of data. Methods: We introduce a new index to analyze the level of confinement that each country was subject to overtime, based on the Community Mobility Reports published by Google resorting to Principal Component Analysis. Subsequently, by using longitudinal clustering, we divide the European countries into similar groups according to the COVID-19 obits and also to the confinement index. However, to make the most out of the clustering methods we resort to artificial longitudinal data to evaluate both the methods and the indices. Results: By using artificial data, we discover that Calinski-Harabasz outperformed other internal indices in indicating the real number of clusters. The tests also suggested that K-means with Euclidean distance was the best method among the ones studied. With the application to both the mobility and fatalities datasets, we found two groups in each one. Conclusions: Our analysis enables us to discover that European northern countries had more mobility during the first confinement and that the deaths caused by COVID-19 started to drop around the 40th day since the first death.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 11