The Acute Effects of Fast Food Versus Mediterranean Meal on Autonomic Nervous System, Lung Function, and Airway Inflammation: A Randomized Crossover Trial

• Type: Another Publication in an International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2025

Authors

Silva, D (Author) FMUP; Mendes, FC (Author) Other; Stanzani, V (Author) Other; Moreira, R (Author) Other; Pinto, M (Author) Other; Beltrão, M (Author) Other; Sokhatska, O (Author) Other; Severo M (Author) ICBAS; Padrão, P (Author) Other; Garcia Larsen, V (Author) Other; Delgado, L (Author) FMUP; Moreira, André (Author) FMUP; Moreira, P (Author) Other

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-017-TQ2

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202501.0639.v1

Abstract (EN): <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the acute effects of two isoenergetic but micronutrient-diverse meals&mdash;a Mediterranean-like meal (MdM) and a fast food-like meal (FFM)&mdash;on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), lung function, and airway inflammation response. Forty-six participants were enrolled in a randomized cross-over clinical trial, consuming two isoenergetic meals: FFM (burger, fries, and sugar-sweetened drink) and MdM (vegetable soup, whole wheat pasta, salad, olive oil, sardines, fruit, and water). Pupillometry assessed parasympathetic (MaxD, MinD, Con, ACV, MCV) and sympathetic (ADV, T75) nervous system outcomes. Lung function and airway inflammation were measured before and after each meal through spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), respectively. Mixed-effects model analysis showed that MdM was associated with a hegemony of parasympathetic response, with a significant increase of MaxD associated with a faster constriction velocity (ACV and MCV); on the other side, the FFM associated with changes in the sympathetic response, showing a quicker redilation velocity (decreased of T75). After adjusting for confounders, mixed-effects models revealed that the FFM significantly decreased T75. Regarding lung function, a meal negatively impacted FVC (ae= -0.079, p&lt;0.001) and FEV1 (ae= -0.04, p= 0.017); however, FeNO increased, although after adjusting, no difference between meals was seen. In conclusion, our study showed that FFM counteracted the parasympathetic activity of a meal, while a meal, irrespective of the type, decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation.</jats:p>

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific