Gas-Diffusion Microextraction (GDME) Combined with Derivatization for Assessing Beer Staling Aldehydes: Validation and Application

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2021

Authors

Ferreira, IM (Author) Other; Carvalho, DO (Author) FFUP; da Silva, MG (Author) Other; Luis F Guido (Author) FCUP

Journal

Title: Foods

Vol. 5

Final page: 1704

Publisher: MDPI

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 4 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00V-6YQ

DOI: 10.3390/foods10081704

Abstract (EN): In this work, a gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) methodology was optimized and validated for the analysis of selected staling aldehydes (furfural (FURF), 2-methylpropanal (2-MP), 2-methylbutanal (2-MB), 3-methylbutanal (3-MB), and acetaldehyde (ACET)) during natural and forced aging of beer. The methodology was optimized considering time, temperature of extraction, and derivatizing agent. Using 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid (HBA) as a derivatizing agent, the performance of the method was evaluated by assessing several parameters such as detection limits (ranging from 1.2 to 1857.7 mu g/L for 2-MB and ACET, respectively), quantification limits (ranging from 3.9 to 6192.4 mu g/L for 2-MB and ACET, respectively), recoveries (higher than 96%), intraday and interday precisions (lower than 3.4 and 9.2%, respectively), and linearity (r(2) >= 0.995). During beer aging, higher content of Strecker aldehydes and FURF were found, while no significant variations in ACET levels were observed. In general, the aldehydes content assessed for beers stored at 37 +/- 1 degrees C for 7 and 14 days mimics that observed for beers stored at 20 +/- 2 degrees C for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Lower temperatures of storage (4 +/- 1 degrees C) delayed the development of staling aldehydes. Based on PCA analysis, the content of staling aldehydes and beer color were responsible for 91.39% of the variance among the analyzed samples, and it was demonstrated that these are key parameters to discriminate fresh from aged beers. The results herein presented showed that the proposed analytic methodology is a valuable strategy for the characterization and quantification of important staling aldehydes in beer with a potential application in the quality control of beer during storage.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 14