Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2019

Authors

Leandro, JE (Author) Other; Meira, J (Author) Other; Ferreira, CS (Author) Other; Santos Silva, R (Author) FMUP; Freitas Costa, P (Author) Other; Magalhaes, A (Author) Other; Breda, J (Author) Other; Falcão-Reis F (Author) FMUP

Journal

Title: Journal of Ophthalmology

Vol. 2019

Pages: 1-5

ISSN: 2090-004X

Publisher: Hindawi

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 1 Citation

Scopus - 1 Citation

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00Q-ZT4

DOI: 10.1155/2019/3267151

Abstract (EN): Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of the "fogging test," performed with a +2 diopters (D) lens, in the exclusion of clinically significant hyperopia in school-aged children. Methods. We studied 54 children between 5 and 11 years of age, with 10/10 best-corrected bilateral visual acuity (VA) without significant degree of correction. VA was assessed in each eye with a "bilateral" +2D sphere over-refraction followed by cycloplegic retinoscopy. The capacity of the test to detect hyperopia of >=+2D and >=+1.5D was evaluated by examining the respective receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sensitivity and specificity values for different cutoff values of VA. Results. For the detection of hyperopia >=+2D, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.955 (p <= 0.001). The VA cutoff with best discriminative capacity was >= 5/10, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 79%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 57%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. In respect of >=+1.5D hyperopia, the test capacity was lower (AUC = 0.832; p <= 0.001). The best VA cutoff was also of >= 5/10, with a PPV of 81% and a NPV of 85%. Conclusion. The accuracy of the test was high for the evaluation of >=+2D hyperopia but lower for >=+1.5D hyperopia. For the detection of >=+2D hyperopia, the VA cutoff of <5/10 may permit the exclusion of clinically significant hyperopia in selected children, without the need for cycloplegia. For the same cutoff, the PPV was low, meaning that in children with >= 5/10 VA cycloplegic refraction remains obligatory.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 5