Gastrointestinal Microbiome - What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice

• Type: Article in National Scientific Journal
• Date: 2020

Authors

Ortigao, R (Author) Other; Pedro Pimentel-Nunes (Author) FMUP; Mario Dinis Ribeiro (Author) FMUP; Libanio, D (Author) FMUP

Journal

Title: GE Portuguese Journal Of Gastroenterology

Vol. 27

Pages: 336-351

ISSN: 2341-4545

Publisher: Karger

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 14 Citations

Scopus - 17 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00R-NXY

DOI: 10.1159/000505036

Abstract (EN): Human gut microbiota plays an important role in individual health. When the balance between host and gut microbiota is disrupted, changes in microbiota composition and function occur, which is referred as dysbiosis. Environmental factors as diet, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics can lead to a permanent dysbiotic disruption. Clarification of these imbalances was made possible by recent advances in genome sequencing methods that supported acknowledgment of the interplay between microbiome and intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. This review focuses on the microbiota impact in inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Furthermore, novel therapies are summarized. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a successful and established therapy in recurrent CDI, and its application in other dysbiosis-related diseases is attracting enormous interest. Pre- and probiotics target microbial rebalance and have positive effects mainly in NAFLD, ulcerative colitis, IBS, and CDI patients. Promising anticarcinogenic effects have also been demonstrated in animal models. The literature increasingly describes microbial changes in many dysbiotic disorders and shows what needs to be treated. However, probiotics and FMT application in clinical practice suffers from a shortage of randomized controlled trials with standardized therapy regimens to support their recommendation.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 16