The urethra in continence and sensation: Neural aspects of urethral function

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2021

Authors

Ferreira, A (Author) Other; Cruz C.D. (Author) FMUP

Journal

Title: Neurourology and Urodynamics

Vol. 40

Pages: 744-752

ISSN: 0733-2467

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 2 Citations

Scopus - 2 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00T-HPA

DOI: 10.1002/nau.24632

Abstract (EN): Aims Traditionally, the urethra has been considered a mere conduit to guide urine from the bladder to the external side of the body. Building evidence indicates that the urethra may directly influence bladder function via mechanisms restricted to the lower urinary tract (LUT). Methods Here, we discuss the tissue arrangement of the urethra and addressed the contribution of new paraneuronal cells to LUT function. We also briefly reviewed two frequent LUT pathologies associated with urethral dysfunction. Results Continence depends on an intact and functional urethral sphincter, composed of smooth, and striated muscle fibers and regulated by somatic and autonomic fibers. Recent studies suggest the existence of an urethro-vesical reflex that also contributes to normal LUT function. Indeed, the urethral lumen is lined by a specialized epithelium, the urothelium, in the proximal urethra. In this region, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of specific paraneuronal cells, expressing the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and serotonin. These cells are in close proximity of nerve fibers coursing in the lamina propria and are able to release neurotransmitters and rapidly induce detrusor contractions, supporting the existence of an urethro-vesical crosstalk. Conclusion The mechanism underlying the fast communication between the urethra and thebladder are beginning to be understood and should involve the interaction between specificepithelial cells and fibres innervating the urethral wall. It is likely that this reflex should bealtered in pathological conditions, becoming an attractive therapeutic target.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 9